Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kapas (Gossypium barbadense L.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes
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https://doi.org/10.24843/JFU.2020.v09.i01.p08
Abstrak
Kapas (Gossypium barbadense L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi dapat dikembangkan menjadi agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan antibakteri senyawa kimia di dalam ekstrak etanol daun kapas terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat. Ekstraksi daun kapas dilakukan secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar dengan teknik sumuran dan ekstrak uji dibuat seri konsentrasi. Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) bioautografi dan pereaksi kromogenik digunakan dalam identifikasi golongan senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kapas dengan konsentrasi 50% memberikan daya hambat terbesar terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan diameter 12,28±0,63 mm sedangkan ekstrak etanol 70% memberikan aktivitas terbesar terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dengan diameter 11,40±0,32 mm. Golongan senyawa yang diduga bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antibakteri yaitu golongan flavonoid.
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Daun Kapas (Gossypium barbadense L.), Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Referensi
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18. Ulanowska K, Tkaczyk A, Konopa G, & Wegrzyn G. Differential antibacterial activity of genistein arising from global inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in some bacterial strains. Arch. Microbiol. 2006. 184(5):271-278.
19. Eumkeb G, Chukrathok S. Synergistic activity and mechanism of action of ceftazidime and apigenin combination against ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Phytomedicine. 2013. 20(3-4):262-269.
20. Cushnie TPT, Lamb AJ. Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2011. 38(2):99-107.
21. Xie Y, Yang W, Tang F, Chen X,& Ren L. antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2015. 22: 132-149. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443.
2. Essien EE, Aboaba SO, Isiaka A, Ogunwande IA. Constituents and antimicrobial properties of the leaf essential oil of Gossypium barbadense (Linn.) Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011. 5(5): 702–705.
3. Ikobi E, Igwilo CI, Awodele O, Azubuike C. Antibacterial and wound healing properties of methanolic extract of dried fresh Gossypium barbadense Leaves. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science. 2012. 2 (13):32- 37.
4. Saidu TB, Abdullahi M. Phytochemical determinations and antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Combretum molle and Gossypium arboreum, Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2011.4(2): 132 – 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v4i2.26.
5. Annan K, Houghton PJ. Antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast growth stimulation of aqueous extracts of Ficus asperifolia Miq. and Gossypium arboreum L., wound-healing plants of Ghana. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008. 119:141-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.017.
6. Kumar B, Pathak R, Mary PB, Jha D, Sardana K, & Gautam HK, New insights into acne pathogenesis: Exploring the role of acne-associated microbial populations, Dermatologica Sinica. 2016. 34 : 67-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsi.2015.12.004
7. Dhillon KS & Varshney KR. Study of Microbiological Spectrum in Acne Vulgaris: An In Vitro Study. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences . 2013. 1(6):724-727.
8. Katsambas A, & Dessinioti C. New and emerging treatments in dermatology: acne. dermatologic therapy. 2008. 21: 86–95.
9. Prasad SB. Acne vulgaris: a review on pathophysiology and treatment. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Clinical Research. 2016. 9(4):54-59.
10. Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D’arco V, De vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, et al. Review article acne scars: Pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatology Research and Practice. 2010:1-13. Article ID 893080. doi:10.1155/2010/893080.
11. Ngajow M, Abidjulu J, Kamu VS. Pengaruh antibakteri ekstrak kulit batang matoa (Pometia pinnata) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online. 2013. 2 (2):128-132.
12. Murtaningsih S, Nurbaeti SN, Kusharyanti I. Efektivitas gel antijerawat ekstrak metanol daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis secara in vitro. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry. 2014. 2(4): 225-234.
13. Dewanjee S, Gangopadhyay M, Bhattacharya N, Khanra R, & Dua TK. Bioautography and its scope in the field of natural product chemistry. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2015. 5(2):75–84, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2014.06.002.
14. Choma IM, & Jesionek W. TLC-direct bioautography as a high throughput method for detection of antimicrobials in plants. Chromatography. 2015. 2:225-238. doi:10.3390/chromatography2020225.
15. Nester EW. Microbiology a human perspective 3rd Edition. New York : Mc Graw Hill 2001.
16. Pękal A, & Pyrzynska K. Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Analytical Methods. 2014.7(9):1776-1782, doi 10.1007/s12161-014-9814-x.
17. Cushnie TPT, Lamb AJ. Detection of galangin-induced cytoplasmic membrane damage in Staphylococcus aureus by measuring potassium loss. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005. 101(1-3): 243-248.
18. Ulanowska K, Tkaczyk A, Konopa G, & Wegrzyn G. Differential antibacterial activity of genistein arising from global inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in some bacterial strains. Arch. Microbiol. 2006. 184(5):271-278.
19. Eumkeb G, Chukrathok S. Synergistic activity and mechanism of action of ceftazidime and apigenin combination against ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Phytomedicine. 2013. 20(3-4):262-269.
20. Cushnie TPT, Lamb AJ. Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2011. 38(2):99-107.
21. Xie Y, Yang W, Tang F, Chen X,& Ren L. antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2015. 22: 132-149. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443.
Diterbitkan
2020-06-26
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KHUMAIDI, akhmad; NUGRAHANI, Arsa Wahyu; GUNAWAN, Febriani.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kapas (Gossypium barbadense L.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes.
Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, [S.l.], p. 52-61, june 2020.
ISSN 2622-4607.
Tersedia pada: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jfu/article/view/57847>. Tanggal Akses: 15 oct. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JFU.2020.v09.i01.p08.
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