Analisis Beban Kerja Mahasiswa Praktek di Bengkel Teknologi Mekanik Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Bali

Abstract

Bengkel teknologi mekanik adalah salah satu tempat praktikum mahasiswa di Jurusan TeknikMesin Politeknik Negeri Bali. Praktikum yang dilakukan antara lain adalah praktek pembubutan,praktek pemotongan plat, dan praktek pengelasan. Aktivitas praktikum dilakukan biasanyaberlangsung 4 sampai 6 jam dengan sekali istirahat. Di akhir praktek para mahasiswamenunjukkan gejala-gejala yang mengharuskan perlu adanya evaluasitentang aktivitas yangdilakukan, khususnya dilihat dari beban kerja. Gejala-gejela terrsebut tergambar darikeluhansubyektif seperti merasa lelah, haus, pegal di beberapa bagian tubuh, dan terkadang ketelitianhasil praktikum yang kurang memuaskan. Untuk itu dilakukan suatu penelitian secaraobservasional terhadap mahasiswa yang melakukan praktek di bengkel teknologi mekaniksebanyak 28 mahasiswa. Praktikum yang dilakukan adalah praktikum pembubutan, pemotonganplat, dan pengelasan. Untuk mengevaluasi beban kerja dilakukan pengukuran terhadap denyutnadi kerja, ECPT (extra calorie due to peripheral temperature), ECPM (extra calorie due toperipheral metabolism), mikroklimat ruangan, keluhan subjektif, dan keluhan otot skeletal.Mikroklimat yang diukur adalah intensitas cahaya, kebissingan, suhu kering, suhu basah, dankelembaban lingkungan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa beban kerja mahasiswa tergolongsedang, ECPM>ECPT, terjadi peningkatan keluhan otot dan kelelahan secara umum padamahasiswa. Untuk itu perlu diupayakan adanya intervensi ergonomi pada sistem praktikum.Karena ECPM>ECPT maka upaya-upaya intervensi diarahkan kepada pelaksanaan tugaspraktikum seperti sikap kerja, jam praktikum, pengaturan istirahat, kesesuaian antropometri alatkerja dan semacamnya.Kata Kunci : Analisis beban kerja, mahasiwa praktek, bengkel teknologi mekanik

The workshop of mechanical technology is one of the place for practicum for a student in theDepartment of Mechanical Engineering State Polytechnic of Bali. The Practicum that areconducted among others are the practice of turning, cutting plate, and welding practices.Practicum activities usually lasts 4 to 6 hours with one time for break. At the end of the practice,the students showed symptoms that require the need for an evaluation of the activitiesundertaken, in terms of workload. The symptoms is drawn from subjective complaints such asfeeling of tired, thirsty, sore in some parts of the body, and sometimes accuracy unsatisfactory labresults. Observational study was carried out on students who practice in the workshop ofmechanic technology as many as 28 students. Lab practicum done is turning, cutting plate, andwelding. To evaluate the work load on the pulse measurement work, ECPT (extra calorie due toperipheral temperature), ECPM (extra calorie due to peripheral metabolism), microclimates room,subjective complaints, and skeletal muscle complaints. Microclimates were measured lightintensity, noise, dry temperature, wet temperature, and humidity of the environment. The resultshowed that the workload of students classified as moderate, ECPM> ECPT, an increase inmuscle complaints and fatigue in general to students. Therefore it is necessary for ergonomicsintervention on lab system. Because ECPM> ECPT the intervention efforts directed towards theimplementation of practical tasks such as work attitude, practicum hours, setting a break,anthropometric suitability of working tools and the like.Keywords: Workload analysis, student practice, mechanical technology workshop