Peran Riset dan Pengembangan (R&D) Akademis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Abstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji peranan riset dan pengembangan (R&D) di perguruan tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Memanfaatkan data periode 1996-2013 untuk 32 negara maju dan 46 negara berkembang, temuan empiris diestimasi menggunakan analisis panel data statis dan dinamis. Fakta empiris menyatakan bahwa analisis panel data statis dan dinamis mengestimasi secara baik karakteristik riset dan pengembangan (R&D) akademis mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara maju dan negara berkembang. Analisis panel data statis berupa fixed effect model (FEM) mengungkapkan peran positif riset dan pengembangan (R&D) akademis terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara maju dan negara berkembang. Lebih lanjut, analisis panel data dinamis menemukan konsistensi efek positif riset dan pengembangan (R&D) akademis pada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara maju, namun riset dan pengembangan (R&D) akademis memberikan efek negatif pada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara berkembang. Berdasarkan temuan ini, studi merekomendasikan negara berkembang khususnya Indonesia untuk fokus pada riset dan pengembangan (R&D) akademis dengan mengkomersialkan temuan baru untuk menarik industri sehingga mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan meningkatkan daya saing bangsa.
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References
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Wu, Y. (2010). Innovation and Economic Growth in China, Nedlands, W.A. University of Western Australia, Business School, Economics working paper No.10-10.
Zachariadis, M. (2003). R&D, Innovation, and Technological Progress: A Test of the Schumpeterian Framework without Scale Effects, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 36(3), 566-586.
Zellner, C. (2003). The Economics Effects of Basic Research: Evidence for Embodied Knowledge Transfer via Scientist’s Migration, Research Policy, 32, 1881-95.
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (1992). A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction, Econometrica, 60, 325-51.
Arellano, M. and Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations, Review of Economic Studies, Wiley Blackwell, 58(2), 277-97.
Bager-Sjögren, L. and Norrman, C. (2007). Public Support to Innovative Ventures: Does It have any Impact?, Stencil, Linköpings universitet och ITPS, Stockholm.
Bayarçelik, E.B., and Taşel, F. (2012). Research and Development Source of Economic Growth, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 744 – 753.
Bilbao-Osorio, B. and Rodr’guez-Pose, A. (2004). From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU, Growth and Change, 35 (4), 434-455.
Blanco, L., Prieger, J. and Gu, J. (2013). The Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth and Productivity in the US States, Pepperdine University, School of Public Policy Working Papers. Paper 48. http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/sppworkingpapers/48.
Blundell, R. and Bond, S. (1998). GMM Estimation with Persistent Panel Data: An Application to Production Functions, The Insitute for Fiscal Study Working Papers Series W99/4.
Bronzini, R. and Piselli, P. (2006). Determinants of long-run regional productivity: the role of R&D, Human Capital and Public Infrastructure, Bank of Italy Discussion Paper No. 597.
Coe, D.T. and Helpman, E. (1995). International R&D Spillovers, European Economic Review, 39, 859-887.
Crosby, M. (2000). Patents, innovation and growth, The Economic Record, 76 (234), 255-262.
Frantzen, D. (2000). R&D, Human Capital and International Technology Spillovers: A Cross-Country Analysis, The Scandinavian Journal of Economies, 102(1), 57-75.
Gardiner, B., Martin, R. and Tyler, P. (2004). Competitiveness, Productivity and Economic Growth across the European Regions, Regional Studies, 38(9), 1045-1067.
Griliches, Z. (1980). The Search for R&D spillovers, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94, 29-47.
Griliches, Z. and Lichtenberg, F. (1984). R&D and Productivity Growth at the Industry Level: Is there Still a Relationship? In Griliches (ed). R&D, Patents, and Productivity, NBER and Chicago University Press.
Guellec, D. and B. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie (2004). From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do the Institutional Settings and the Source of Funds of R&D Matter?, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66, 353-78.
Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics, Econometrica, 46 (6), 1251-1271.
Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lichtenberg, F.R. (1992). R&D investment and international productivity differences, NBER Working Paper N. 4161.
Lucas, R.B. (1988). On Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42.
OECD (2017). Research and Development Statistics (RDS). www.oecd.org/sti/rds
Romer, P.M. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
Romer, D. (2011). Advanced Macroeconomics, 4th edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Sadraoui, T. and Zina, N.B. (2009). A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis for R&D Cooperation and Economic Growth, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 5 (4), 218-233.
Salter, A. and Martin, B. (1999). The Economic Benefits of Publicly Funded Basic Research: A Critical Review, Research Policy, 30(1), 509-32.
Samimi, A.J. and Alerasoul, S.M. (2009). R&D and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Some Developing Countries, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3 (4), 3464-3469.
Takalo, T., and Kanniainen, V. (2000). Do patents slow down technological progress? Real options in research, patenting, and market introduction, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 18, 1105-1127.
Ulku, H. (2004). R&D, Innovation, and Economic Growth: An Empricial Analysis, IMF Working Paper, 04/185.
Verbeek, M. (2012). A Guide to Modern Econometrics, 4 edition. John Wiley and Sons.
Wakellin, K. (2001). Productivity Growth and R&D Expenditure in UK. Manufacturing Firms, Research Policy, 30(7), 1079-1090.
World Economic Forum (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015. http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitiveness-report-2014-2015.
Wu, Y. (2010). Innovation and Economic Growth in China, Nedlands, W.A. University of Western Australia, Business School, Economics working paper No.10-10.
Zachariadis, M. (2003). R&D, Innovation, and Technological Progress: A Test of the Schumpeterian Framework without Scale Effects, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 36(3), 566-586.
Zellner, C. (2003). The Economics Effects of Basic Research: Evidence for Embodied Knowledge Transfer via Scientist’s Migration, Research Policy, 32, 1881-95.
Published
2020-02-26
How to Cite
KHALIQ, Abdul.
Peran Riset dan Pengembangan (R&D) Akademis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi.
Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, [S.l.], p. 115-132, feb. 2020.
ISSN 2303-0186.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jekt/article/view/45127>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2020.v13.i01.p05.
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