Pekerja Anak dan Goncangan Pertanian di Indonesia
Abstract
The aims of this research is to determine the effect of crop loss shocks against child labor and the role of the assets held by households, both farm and non-farm business can reduce the impact of these shocks. The results showed that the effects of crop loss shocks insignificantly affect child labor at the age of 5-14 years. This indicates that in the event of crop loss shocks, households do not use a coping strategy by increasing child labor to dampen the shocks. Meanwhile, assets used for non-farm business was able to reduce the demand for child labor. On the other hand, farm business assets has positive effect on working children aged 5-14. This indicates the wealth effect phenomenon that occurred in Indonesia.
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References
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Debebe.,Y.Z (2010). “Child Labor, Agricultural Shocks and Labor Sharing in Rural Ethiopia“. Working Paper No. 491. International Institute of Social Science.
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International Labour Organization. (1996). “Child Labor: What’s To Be Done?. Document for discussion at the Informal Tripartite Meeting at the Ministerial Level (June)”. Geneva, Switzerland
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Jacoby, H., & Skoufias, E., (1997). “Risk, financial markets, and human capital in a developing country“. Review of Economic Studies LXIV, 311 – 335
Kochar, A., (1999). “Smoothing consumption by smoothing income: hours-of-work responses to idiosyncratic agricultural shocks in rural India“. Review of Economics and Statistics LXXXI, 50– 61
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Bappenas, (2007). “Laporan Perkembangan Pencapaian Millennium Development Goals Indonesia 2007”. Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Jakarta.
Bhalotra, S., & Heady, C. (2003). “Child Farm Labor: The Wealth Paradox”. The World Bank Economic Review, 17, 197-227
Basu, K., & Van, P.H. (1998). “The Economics of Child Labor”. American Economic Review, v88, n3, 412-27
Beegle, K., (2005). “Labor effects of adult mortality in Tanzanian households”. Economic Development and Cultural Change 53, 655– 683.
Beegle, K., Dehejia, R., & Gatti, R., (2004). “Why Should We Care about Child Labor? The Education, Labor Market, and Health Consequences of Child Labor”. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, vol. 10980.
Beegle, K., Dehejia, R., & Gatti, R., (2006). “Child labor and agricultural shocks”. Journal Dev Econ 81:80–96
Brown, et (2003). “The Determinants of Child Labour: Theory and Evidence“, OECD Social, France: Employment and Migration Working Papers
Cameron, L., & Worswick, C. (2001). “Education Expenditure Responses to Crop Loss in Indonesia : A Gender Bias. University of Chicago
Cameron, L. A. and Worswick.,C (2003). “The Labour Market as a Smoothing Device: Labour Supply Responses to Crop Loss.” Review of Development Economics 7, no. 2: 327-341.
Debebe.,Y.Z (2010). “Child Labor, Agricultural Shocks and Labor Sharing in Rural Ethiopia“. Working Paper No. 491. International Institute of Social Science.
Dercon, S. (2005). “Insurance Against Poverty (UNU-WIDER Studies in Development Economics). Oxford University Press
Dillon, A. (2008). “Child Labor and Schooling Responses to Production and Health Shocks in Northern Mali”. International Food Policy Research Institute
Edmonds, E.V. (2005).”Understanding Sibling Differences in Child Labor”. Forthcoming in the Journal of Population Economics. Department of Economics. Dartmouth College and the National Bureau of Economic Research
Fitzsimons, E. (2007). “The Effects of Risk on Education in Indonesia”. Institute for Fiscal Studies. Journal of Economic Development and Cultural Change. Volume, issue, pages: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 1-25
Grimm, M. (2009). “Food Price Inflation and Children’s Schooling”. Discussion Papers. DIW-Berlin 844. Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands
International Fund For Agricultural Development, (2011). “Smallholder Livelihood Development Project In Maluku And North Maluku Draft Project Design Report“. Asia and the Pacific Division Programme Management Department
International Labour Organization. (1996). “Child Labor: What’s To Be Done?. Document for discussion at the Informal Tripartite Meeting at the Ministerial Level (June)”. Geneva, Switzerland
International Labour Organization. (2008). “Panduan tentang Pelaksanaan Pemantauan dan Pelaporan Penerima Manfaat Langsung”. Jakarta
Jacoby, H., & Skoufias, E., (1997). “Risk, financial markets, and human capital in a developing country“. Review of Economic Studies LXIV, 311 – 335
Kochar, A., (1999). “Smoothing consumption by smoothing income: hours-of-work responses to idiosyncratic agricultural shocks in rural India“. Review of Economics and Statistics LXXXI, 50– 61
Kruger, D.I., Soares, R.R., & Barthelon, M. (2007). “Household Choices of Child Labor and Schooling: A Simple Model with Application to Brazil”. IZA DP No. 2776
Maccini,S & Yang.,D (2009). “Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall“. American Economic Review 2009, 99:3, 1006–1026
Soesilo, I. (2009). “Dari El Nino 1997 ke El Nino 2009”. http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2009/10/10/03384384/ (diakses pada tanggal 20 Mei 2016)
Thomas, D et al. (2004). “Education in a Crisis”. Journal of Development Economics 74(1): 53–85
Published
2017-08-29
How to Cite
KHARISMA, Bayu.
Pekerja Anak dan Goncangan Pertanian di Indonesia.
Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, [S.l.], aug. 2017.
ISSN 2303-0186.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jekt/article/view/28722>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2017.v10.i02.p03.
Section
Articles
Keywords
bencana gagal panen, pekerja anak, aset farm business, non farm business, wealth effect
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