METODE DESTRUKSI GELOMBANG MIKRO MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM NITRAT UNTUK PENENTUAN LOGAM Cd DAN Pb DALAM PRODUK MAKANAN BAYI
Abstract
Destruksi sistem gelombang mikro menggunakan variasi konsentrasi asam nitrat (3, 6, 9 mol/L) yang dikombinasikan dengan H2O2 30% (7:1 mL) telah berhasil diaplikasikan pada 4 (empat) jenis sampel produk makanan bayi (A, B, C, D) untuk keperluan analisis Cd dan Pb menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS) AA240. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas HNO3 encer pada proses destruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi HNO3 3 mol/L proses destruksi tidak sempurna, kandungan Cd dan Pb yang terdeteksi lebih kecil dari batas kuantifikasi AAS-AA240. Sampel A, B, C dan D terdeteksi mengandung Cd dan Pb pada konsentrasi HNO3 6 dan 9 mol/L, larutan hasil destruksi jernih dan tidak ada residu padatan sebagai indikasi semua senyawa organik terdestruksi sempurna. Konsentrasi paling efektif diperoleh pada HNO3 9 mol/L dengan kandungan Cd dan Pb tertinggi terdapat pada sampel kode B masing-masing sebesar 0,50 ± 0,0385 dan 1,75 ± 0,2472 mg/L. Metode destruksi ini telah memenuhi kriteria persyaratan validasi dengan nilai perolehan kembali sebesar 89,75 – 105,29% untuk Cd dan 86,93 – 97,31% untuk Pb, metode ini dapat dijadikan sebagai metode alternatif dalam preparasi sampel untuk analisis logam, dapat dikategorikan sebagai metode analitik yang lebih aman, lebih ekonomis, dan menghasilkan limbah beracun yang lebih sedikit.
Kata Kunci: destruksi gelombang mikro, makanan bayi, metode AAS, preparasi sampel.
ABSTRACT
A microwave digestion system using variation of nitric acid (3, 6, 9 mol/L) combined with 30% H2O2 has been successfully applied to 4 (four) types of baby food samples (A, B, C, D) for the determination of Cd and Pb using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) AA240. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of dilute HNO3 on the microwave digestion system. The results showed that at a 3 mol/L of HNO3 the digestion processes incomplete, the Cd and Pb contents is smaller than the limits of quantification of the AAS-AA240. The A, B, C dan D samples were detected Cd and Pb at 6 and 9 mol/L of HNO3, clear solutions and did not present solid residues, this condition indicates that all organic compounds is completely digested. The most effective concentration was 9 mol/L of HNO3, the highest of Cd and Pb content were found in the B sample namely 0.50 ± 0.0385 and 1.75 ± 0.2472 mg/L, respectively. This digestion method met the validation requirements with recoveries of 89.75 – 105.29% for Cd and 86.93 – 97.31% for Pb, this method can be used as an alternative for sample preparation of metal analysis, can be categorized as a safer analytical method, more economical, and generate less toxic waste.
Keywords: AAS method, baby food, microwave digestion system, sample preparation.
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