KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO-BASE DAN PEMANFAATANNYA UNTUK KONVERSI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS SECARA SINAMBUNG MENJADI BIODIESEL
Abstract
Penelitian tentang katalis heterogen berbasis CaO dari cangkang kepiting sebagai support yang dimodifikasi dengan K2CO3 dan TiO2 serta pemanfaatnnya untuk konversi minyak goreng bekas secara sinambung menjadi biodiesel telah dilakukan. CaO hasil preparasi dicampurkan dengan K2CO3 dan TiO2 dengan variasi rasio secara reaksi fasa padat. Katalis heterogen yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi luas permukaan spesifik BET dan rerata ukuran partikelnya dengan N2 gas sorption analyzer, keasaman dan kebasaan permukaannya dengan metode titrasi asam basa, serta kristalinitasnya dengan XRD. Katalis dengan karakteristik terbaik diuji aktivitas katalitiknya terhadap yield biodiesel dalam mengonversi minyak goreng bekas dan kandungannya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik fisiko-kimia katalis optimum diperoleh pada CaO/K2O:TiO2 rasio massa 3:1. Uji aktivitas katalitik untuk konversi minyak goreng bekas menjadi biodiesel diperoleh yield 88,24%, lebih tinggi dari CaO/K2O (65,03%) dan CaO (64,09%). Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa komposisi biodiesel yang dominan adalah metil ester, yaitu metil laurat, metil meristat, metil palmitoleat, dan metil linoleat.
Kata kunci: biodiesel, CaO/K2O:TiO2, katalis heterogen, karakteristik fisiko-kimia, minyak goreng bekas
Research about heterogeneous catalyst prepared from CaO of crab shells as support modified with K2CO3 and TiO2 as well as its utilization for converting used cooking oil (UCO) into biodiesel simultaneously has been carried out. Prepared CaO was mixed with K2CO3 and TiO2 with various ratios by using solid state reaction. The BET spesific surface area and the mean particle size of the resulting heterogenous catalyst were characterized by N2 gas sorption analyzer, surface acidity and basicity by base-acid titration method, and crystallinity by XRD. The activity of the catalyst with the best characteristics for converting UCO into biodiesel yield was tested and the chemical contents were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum physico-chemical characteristics of the heterogeneous catalyst was CaO/K2O:TiO2 with mass ratio of 3:1. The catalytic activity of the CaO/K2O/TiO2 catalyst in converting UCO into biodiesel was 88.24%, higher than CaO/K2O catalyst (65.03%) and CaO (64.09%). The results of GC-MS analysis indicated that the chemical contents of biodiesel were dominantly methyl esters, such as methyl laurate, methyl meristate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl linoleate.
Keywords: biodiesel, CaO/K2O:TiO2, heterogeneous catalyst, physico-chemical characteristics, used cooking oil
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