PENELUSURAN SENYAWA TOKSIK EKSTRAK PADA ETANOL DAUN TALAS (Colocasia esculenta L) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST
Abstract
Colocasia esculenta L yang dikenal sebagai Talas merupakan tanaman herba menahun yang secara tradisional seluruh bagian tanaman dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat. Pada peneltian ini, toksisitas ekstrak etanol daun talas dan hasil partisinya diuji dan kandungan senyawa aktif pada ekstrak yang paling toksik diidentifikasi. Pengujian toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan identifikasi senyawa aktif dengan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sampel daun talas sebanyak 1 kg dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% menghasilkan 60,01 g ekstrak kental etanol yang bersifat toksik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 89,52 ppm. Toksisitas hasil partisi ekstrak etanol dengan pelarut n- heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol, dan air memberikan nilai LC50 berturut-turut 68,13; 191,69; 425,80; dan 678,36 ppm sehingga ekstrak n-heksana dapat dikatakan bersifat paling toksik dibandingkan ekstrak lainnya. Pemisahan senyawa aktif pada ekstrak n-heksana dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom dengan silica gel sebagai fase diam dan dielusi secara gradien dengan fase gerak n-heksana dan kloroform menghasilkan 12 fraksi gabungan dengan toksisitas yang relatif tinggi terdapat pada fraksi C dan D dengan nilai LC50 berturut-turut 23,88 dan 106,18 ppm. Fraksi aktif C diduga mengandung senyawa N,N-dimetil-2- [6- metil-2-(4-metilphenil) imidazol [1,2-a] piridin-3-il] asetamide (zolpidem) dan pada fraksi D diduga mengandung senyawa asam (9Z,12Z,15Z)- oktadeka-9,12,15-trienoat (asam linolenat).
Kata Kunci: Artemia salina Leach, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Colocasia esculenta L, daun talas, toksisitas
ABSTRACT
Colocasia esculenta L, known as taro, is a perennial herb traditionally used in its entirety for medicinal purposes. This study tested the toxicity of taro leaf ethanol extract and its fractions, and identified the active compounds in the most toxic extract. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to test for toxicity, and LC-MS/MS was used to identify active compounds. A sample of 1 kg of taro leaves was macerated with 96% ethanol, yielding 60.01 g of toxic ethanol extract with an LC50 value of 89.52 ppm. Toxicity partitioning of the ethanol extracts using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water as solvents gave LC50 values of 68.13, 191.69, 425.80 and 678.36 ppm, respectively, indicating that the n-hexane extract was the most toxic. Separation of the active compounds in the n-hexane extract was performed using column chromatography with silica gel as the stationary phase and gradient elution with n-hexane and chloroform as the mobile phases, resulting in 12 combined fractions. The fractions with relatively high toxicity were fractions C and D with LC50 values of 23.88 and 106.18 ppm respectively. The active fraction C may contain the compound N,N-dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazole [1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide (zolpidem) and the fraction D probably contains compounds (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15- trienoic acid (linolenic acid).
Keywords: Artemia salina Leach, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Colocasia esculenta L, taro leaves, toxicity
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