ISOLASI SENYAWA TRITERPENOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUJU (ACHANTUS ILICIFOLIUS) DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA TERHADAP S. AUREUS DAN E. COLI
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiacoli merupakan mikroba patogen penyebab infeksi kulit dan diare. Infeksi bisa diatasi dengan penggunaan antibiotik alami. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan A. ilicifoliusberpotensi sebagai antibiotik alami karena beberapa bagian tanaman ini memiliki antimikroba aktif.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak etanol daun A. ilicifolius dan menguji bioaktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E.coli. Isolasi senyawa dengan Kromatografi Vakum Cair (KVC). Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode disc-diffusion. Hasilnya diperoleh 12 fraksi menggunakan KVC dimana fraksi 3 (F3) didapatkan kristal. Kristal tersebut direkristalisasi dengan n-heksana, untuk mendapatkan isolat F3. Kemurnian isolat diuji dengan tiga eluen Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi dan uji antibakteri. Interpretasi skrining fitokimia dan analisis dengan UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat F3 merupakan senyawa triterpenoid, yang diperkuat dengan hasil Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) bahwa terdapat gugus fungsi -OH (3321,96 cm-1), -CH alifatik (2954,95 cm-1), -C = C (1661,16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378,11cm-1), -CO (1050,54 cm-1), -C = C alkena (881,11 cm-1). Hasil spektrum UV-Vis mengindikasikan isolat F3 memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum (? max) pada 208 nm dan 230 nm yang menunjukkan adanya gugus C=C terkonjugasi. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri didapatkan bahwa isolat F3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus.
Kata kunci: antibakteri, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid.
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are pathogenic microbes cause of skin infection and diarrhoea. Infections can be resolved with use of natural antibiotics. Previous research has shown A. ilicifolius has potential as a natural antibiotic because some parts of this plant have antimicrobial actives. This study aimed to isolate the bioactive compound from the ethanol extract of A. ilicifolius leaf and test the antibacterial bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The isolation of the compounds was carried out by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and the antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion method. Twelve fractions were obtained from the VLC, where crystals were gained for the fraction 3 (F3). The crystals are recrystallized with n-hexane to obtain F3 isolates. The purity of the isolates was tested by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) by using 3 eluents followed by characterization and antibacterial assay. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) interpretation indicated that F3 isolate was triterpenoid compound having -OH group (3321.96 cm-1), -CH aliphatic (2954.95 cm-1), -C=C (1661.16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378.11cm-1), -CO (1050.54 cm-1), -C=C alkenes (881.11 cm-1). UV-Vis spectrum showed that the F3 isolate had a maximum wavelength (? max) at 208 nm and 230 nm which indicated the presence of a conjugated C=C group. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that F3 isolate had low antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Keywords: antibacterial, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid.
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