ANALISIS SIFAT DAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBRAN ELEKTROLIT KITOSAN-SILIKA DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK APLIKASI DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL
Abstract
Membran elektrolit berbasis kitosan dengan penambahan filler silika dari cangkang sawit telah berhasil disintesis melalui teknik inversi vasa. Pada tahap awal, kitosan diperoleh melalui proses demineralisasi, deproteinasi, dan deasetilasi dari serbuk kulit udang, sedankan silika diperoleh dari limbah cangkang kelapa sawit. Hadirnya silika dalam lapisan struktur membran diketahui mampu meningkatkan kerapatan membran dan menyediakan jalur media lintasan proton yang dapat mengurangi terjadinya methanol crossover dan meningkatkan pergerakan proton sehingga kinerja membran lebih optimal. Pada penelitian ini, fabrikasi membran dilakukan dengan melarutkan serbuk kitosan dan silika pada asam asetat 2% dengan variasi komposisi silika 5%, 10%, dan 15% (b/b). Karakterisasi membran dilakukan dengan FTIR, water uptake, methanol uptake, permeabilitas methanol, dan ion exchange capacity. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kinerja terbaik diperoleh pada sampel membran dengan kandungan silika 15% dengan nilai water uptake, methanol uptake, permeabilitas methanol, dan Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) secara berturut-turut sebesar 72,89%, 62,19%, 0,006 mgcm2/s mol, dan 4,15 mmol/g. Semua hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa membran komposit kitosan dengan filler silika menjanjikan sebagai membran alternatif untuk aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC).
Kata kunci:
kitosan, silika, cangkang kelapa sawit, membran, DMFC
ABSTRACT
A chitosan-based electrolyte membrane with the addition of silica filler from palm kernel shells has been successfully synthesized using the phase inversion technique. In the initial stage, chitosan was obtained through a demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation process from shrimp shell powder, while silica was obtained from palm oil shell waste. The presence of silica in the membrane structure layer can increase membrane density and provide a media pathway for proton passage, which will reduce the occurrence of methanol crossover and increase proton movement; therefore, membrane performance was more optimal. In this research, membrane fabrication was carried out by dissolving chitosan and silica powder in 2% acetic acid with variations in silica composition of 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w). Membrane characterization was carried out using FTIR, water uptake, methanol uptake, methanol permeability, and ion exchange capacity. The test results showed that the best performance was obtained on membrane samples with a silica content of 15% with values of water uptake, methanol uptake, methanol permeability, and Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC), respectively, of 72.89%, 62.19%, 0.006 mg/cm2/s mol, and 4.15 mmol/g. All test results show that the chitosan composite membrane with silica filler is promising as an alternative membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) applications.
Keywords:
chitosan, silica, palm shell, membrane, DMFC
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