Peran Poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) dan Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) Terhadap Terjadinya Kejadian Metastasis pada Kanker Payudara

I Wayan Gede Suarsana; Andi Asadul Islam; Prihantono Prihantono; Berti Julian Nelwan

doi:10.24843/JBN.2022.v06.i01.p05

I Wayan Gede Suarsana Departemen Bedah Onkologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
Andi Asadul Islam Departemen Bedah Saraf, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
Prihantono Prihantono Departemen Bedah Onkologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
Berti Julian Nelwan Departemen Patologi Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/JBN.2022.v06.i01.p05

Abstract

Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab kematian akibat kanker terbanyak pada wanita di seluruh dunia dengan angka kematian sebesar 458.400 wanita setiap tahunnya. Poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) dan phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) adalah dua molekul yang memainkan peran penting pada patofisiologi kanker payudara. Metastasis kanker payudara merupakan sebuah proses berkesinambungan yang melibatkan beberapa tahapan penting seperti invasi, angiogenesis, hingga replikasi sel. Sel yang mengalami mutasi pada kanker payudara akan menyebabkan ekspresi yang berlebihan dari PI3K sehingga terjadi replikasi sel yang tidak terkontrol disertai dengan peningkatan matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). MMP-9 memiliki peran dalam degradasi matriks ekstraseluler yang penting untuk proses invasi tumor. Di sisi lain, PARP membantu reparasi sel yang mengalami kerusakan sehingga proses replikasi sel kanker dapat terus berlangsung. Terlebih lagi, PARP diketahui memiliki andil besar dalam proses angiogenesis sel kanker. Gabungan dari kedua fenomena tersebut menghasilkan sel kanker dengan kemampuan replikasi dan metastasis yang tinggi.

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