ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SIAM CITRUS (Citrus nobilis L.) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINTS Lasiodiplodia theobromae THE PATHOGEN OF BLENDOK DISEASE
Abstract
Siam citrus (C. nobilis L.) is a type of citrus that is most widely cultivated in Bangli Regency. The main disease that attacks citrus plants is blendok caused by the fungus L. theobromae. Based on research siam citrus peel contains essensial oils that have potential as antifungals. The aim of this study was to study chemical content of essensial oil from siam citrus peel and its activity as an antifungal againts L. theobromae. Essensial oil was destilled using hydro steam distillition and analyzed by means of GC-MS. Antifungal activiy testing was carried out using the agar-well diffusion method with concentrations of 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Dithane M45 6 g/l and DMSO 10% were used as positive and negative controls. The results showed that the siam citrus peel from Kintamani, Bangli contains essensial oils with the main chemical components, i.e. D-limonene (57.26%), Beta-pinene (9.09%), and Beta-myrcene (4.03%) which has uses as an antifungal, additive, antitumor, asthma and allergy reliever, repellent, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial. Essential oil concentration of 25 to 100% can inhibit the growth of L. theobromae. The largest diameter of inhibition is shown at a concentration of 100% and the smallest diameter of inhibition is shown at a concentration of 25%.
Keywords: C. nobilis L., essensial oils, GC-MS, L. Theobromae, antifungal
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References
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Muhtadin, A.F., R. Wijaya, P. Prihatin, dan M. Mahfud. (2013). Pengambilan Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Jeruk Segar dan Kering dengan Menggunakan Metode Steam Distillation. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 2(1): 98-101.
Nurshadrina, A.M., Firdani, A.Z., Septana, A.I. & Wijayanti, A.D. (2021). Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree Essential Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Against Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2(1): 25-32. 10.22146/ijvs.v2i1.82559
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Prabajati R., I. Hernawan , dan H. T Hendarti. (2017). Effects of citrus limon essential oil (Citrus limon L) on cytomorphometric changes of Candida albicans. Dental Journal, 50(1):43–48.
Pracaya, (2009). Jeruk manis Varietas, Budidaya, dan pascapanen. Cetakan XV. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Randhawa, M.A. (2006). The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on the Growth of Dermatophytes. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai zasshi, Japanese journal of medical mycology. 47. 313-318.
Rana, O. C., Prihanti, A. M., & P. Purwanto. (2021). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Minyak Atsiri Kulit Buah Jeruk Siamese (Citrus nobilis L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Pustaka Kesehatan, 9(3):166-171.
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Sutar, M. Reza, B. Eka. P., et al. (2013). Laporan Praktikum Analisis Instrumen GCMS. Universitas Islam Negri. Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Wibawa, I.P.A.H., Saraswaty, V., Kuswantoro, F., Andila, P.S., Wardhani, P.K. (2019). A study of essential oil from an invasive Piper aduncum L. Jurnal Biologi Udayana, 23 (2):, 50-58.
Yao, Y., D. Ding, H. Shao, et al. (2017). Antibacterial activity and physical properties of fish gelatin-chitosan edible films supplemented with D-Limonene. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2017.
Yu, H., Z. X. Lin, W. L. Xiang, et al. (2022). Antifungal activity and mechanism of d-limonene against foodborne opportunistic pathogen Candida tropicalis. LWT, 159, 113144
Aisyah, Y., Yunita, D., Amanda, A., Muzaifa. & Irfan, I. (2022). Aplikasi Minyak Atsiri Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) dan Komponennya (α-pinene dan sabinene) sebagai Bioaditif pada Daging Sapi, Jurnal Agripet. 22(1). 1-9.
Zhang, J. H., Sun, H.L. & Chen, S.Y. (2017). Anti-fungal activity, mechanism studies on α-Phellandrene and Nonanal against Penicillium cyclopium. Botanical studies, 58(1):1-9.
Anandakumar, P., S. Kamaraj, & M. K. Vanitha. (2021). D‐limonene: A multifunctional compound with potent therapeutic effects. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(1):e13566.
Aprilia, N., N. Wijayati, E. Cahyono, et al. (2021). Potensi Antioksidan Senyawa α-Pinene dan Turunan Monoterpene dari Minyak Atsiri. Minyak Atsiri: Produksi dan Aplikasinya untuk Kesehatan, Book Chapter. 226-259.
Ariyani, F., Arbainsyah, dan Noorcahyati. (2020). Pengenalan Atsiri (Melaleuca Cajuputi). Samarinda: Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bangli. (2015). Bangli dalam Angka (Bangli in Numbers). Bangli: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bangli
Barnett, H. L., dan B. B. Hunter. (1998). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. 4th ed.
Cahyati, S., Y. Kurniasih., dan Y. Khery. (2016). Efesiensi Isolasi Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Jeruk dengan Metode Destilasi Air-Uap Ditinjau dari Perbandingan Bahan Baku dan Pelarut yang Digunakan. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Kimia “Hydrogen”, 4(2):103-110.
D'Alessio, P. A., Ostan, R., J. F. Bisson, et al. (2013). Oral administration of d-limonene controls inflammation in rat colitis and displays anti-inflammatory properties as diet supplementation in humans. Life sciences, 92(24-26):1151-1156.
Davis, W.W. dan T.R. Stout. (1971). Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Applied Microbiology, 22(1): 659-665.
Dias, I. J., E. Trajano, R. I. S., Castro, R. D., Ferreira, G. L. S., Medeiros, H. C. M., dan Gomes, D. Q. C. (2017). Antifungal activity of linalool in cases of Candida spp. isolated from individuals with oral candidiasis. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 78: 368-374.
Fadilah, N. L., M. Monica, R. H. Sigiro, dan I. Batubara. (2021). Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Sebagai Bahan Obat Hirup Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (Ispa): Seleksi dan Organoleptik Prototipe Produknya. Al-Kimia, 9(2):201-220.
Febbiyanti, T. R., Widodo, S. Wiyono, et al. (2019). Pengaruh pH dan Waktu penyimpanan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Lasiodiplodia theobromae Penyebab Kanker Batang Tanaman Karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 37(1): 1-10.
Handayani, W., & R. Yunilawati. (2021). Karakterisasi Senyawa Volatil dan Uji Antibakteri dari Citrus bergamia dan Citrus sinensis. Sainstech Farma, 14(2):91-96.
Hendrawan, N. V. (2018). Formulasi pembuatan shampoo herbal menggunakan minyak atsiri limonene, jus lemon, dan kombinasi surfaktan tween dengan saponin hasil ekstraksi buah lerak. Universitas Katolik Parahyangan.
Hidayati. 2012. Distilasi Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Jeruk Pontianak dan Pemanfaatan dalam Pembuatan Sabun Aromaterapi. Biopropal Industri, 3(2):39-49.
Ismail, M., Dahar, G.Y., Tariq, J.A. &. Memon, R.M. (2018). In-Vitro Assessment Of Some Fungicides For Themanagement Of Sudden Death In Mango, Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 34 (2): 140-145
Istikomah, Nur. N. H. Alami, dan K. I. Purwani. (2015). Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Pamelo terhadap Infeksi Jamur Fusarium oxysporum pada Tanaman Tomat. Jurnal SAINS dan Seni ITS, 4(2):2337-3520.
Lely, N., & D. Rahmanisah. (2019). Uji Daya Hambat Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga Linn) Terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 19(2):94-99.
Miller, J. A., P. A. Thompson, I. A. Hakim, H. H. S. Chow, et al. (2011). D-Limonene: a bioactive food component from citrus and evidence for a potential role in breast cancer prevention and treatment. Oncology Reviews, 5(1):31-42.
Muhtadin, A.F., R. Wijaya, P. Prihatin, dan M. Mahfud. (2013). Pengambilan Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Jeruk Segar dan Kering dengan Menggunakan Metode Steam Distillation. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 2(1): 98-101.
Nurshadrina, A.M., Firdani, A.Z., Septana, A.I. & Wijayanti, A.D. (2021). Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree Essential Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Against Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2(1): 25-32. 10.22146/ijvs.v2i1.82559
Ouchari, L., Boukeskasse, A., Bouizgarne, B., & Ouhdouch, Y. (2019). Antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from the unexplored hot Merzouga desert and their taxonomic diversity. Biology open, 8(2), bio035410. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.035410
Prabajati R., I. Hernawan , dan H. T Hendarti. (2017). Effects of citrus limon essential oil (Citrus limon L) on cytomorphometric changes of Candida albicans. Dental Journal, 50(1):43–48.
Pracaya, (2009). Jeruk manis Varietas, Budidaya, dan pascapanen. Cetakan XV. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Randhawa, M.A. (2006). The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on the Growth of Dermatophytes. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai zasshi, Japanese journal of medical mycology. 47. 313-318.
Rana, O. C., Prihanti, A. M., & P. Purwanto. (2021). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Minyak Atsiri Kulit Buah Jeruk Siamese (Citrus nobilis L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Pustaka Kesehatan, 9(3):166-171.
Sandra, F. K., Nurhasanah, Y. S., MUTAQIN, K., Wiyono, S., & Tondok, E. T. (2021). Keragaman Morfologi dan Molekuler Lasiodiplodia theobromae dari Tanaman Jeruk, Kakao, Karet, Manggis, dan Pisang. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 17(2).
Singarsa, D. (2015). Botryodiplodia Penyebab Penyakit Blendok Pada Tanaman Jeruk. Diakses pada 19 November 2022, dari http://bit.ly/3OlxM0j.
Supartha, I. W., A.A.I Kesumadewi, I. W. Susila, et al. (2015). Profil Jeruk Gianyar. Gianyar : Pemerintah Kabupaten Gianyar Bekerja Sama dengan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana.
Sutar, M. Reza, B. Eka. P., et al. (2013). Laporan Praktikum Analisis Instrumen GCMS. Universitas Islam Negri. Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Wibawa, I.P.A.H., Saraswaty, V., Kuswantoro, F., Andila, P.S., Wardhani, P.K. (2019). A study of essential oil from an invasive Piper aduncum L. Jurnal Biologi Udayana, 23 (2):, 50-58.
Yao, Y., D. Ding, H. Shao, et al. (2017). Antibacterial activity and physical properties of fish gelatin-chitosan edible films supplemented with D-Limonene. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2017.
Yu, H., Z. X. Lin, W. L. Xiang, et al. (2022). Antifungal activity and mechanism of d-limonene against foodborne opportunistic pathogen Candida tropicalis. LWT, 159, 113144
Aisyah, Y., Yunita, D., Amanda, A., Muzaifa. & Irfan, I. (2022). Aplikasi Minyak Atsiri Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) dan Komponennya (α-pinene dan sabinene) sebagai Bioaditif pada Daging Sapi, Jurnal Agripet. 22(1). 1-9.
Zhang, J. H., Sun, H.L. & Chen, S.Y. (2017). Anti-fungal activity, mechanism studies on α-Phellandrene and Nonanal against Penicillium cyclopium. Botanical studies, 58(1):1-9.
Published
2024-04-30
How to Cite
PRANATA, Kadek Dwipayana et al.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SIAM CITRUS (Citrus nobilis L.) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINTS Lasiodiplodia theobromae THE PATHOGEN OF BLENDOK DISEASE.
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. 61-70, apr. 2024.
ISSN 2655-9994.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jbb/article/view/99329>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/IJBB.2024.v11.i02.p08.
Section
Articles
