Surface Water Pollution And Proposed Solutions For Quality Improvement In Kim Xa Commune, Vinh Tuong District, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam
Abstract
The study investigated the current surface water pollution status in Kim Xa Commune, Vinh Tuong District, Vinh Phuc Province, in Northern Vietnam. Water samples were collected from Phan River, fish farms/ponds, and a pig farm’s effluent in Kim Xa Commune and analyzed for water quality parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Results showed that the Phan River water met the national water quality standards (Regulation QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT). However, the COD and TSS concentrations of the pond water and the piggery effluent exceeded their maximum permitted levels (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 62:2016/BTNMT). Both had the highest COD of 145 and 192 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the effluent’s TSS was 2.05 times higher than the national standard (QCVN 62:2016/BTNMT, column B). A 500 m2 floating treatment wetland system planted with water hyacinth has been proposed for improving the quality of the piggery effluent discharged to recipient drainage to meet the standards regulated in QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT for surface water
Downloads
References
APHA. (2012). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 22nd edition. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, USA.
Boursier, H., Béline, F., & Paul, E. (2005). Piggery wastewater characterization for biological nitrogen removal process design. Bioresource Technology, 96(3), 351-358. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.03.007
Canh T.T (2015). Controlling environmental pollution and economic use of livestock waste. Science and Technology Publisher - Thanh Hoa Provincial Agricultural Extension Center - Thanh Hoa Newspaper.
Gupta P., Nikhil K. , Mayank K. (2015). Phytoremediation of wastewater through aquatic plants for the change detection analysis in the chemical properties within the district Dhanbad, Jharkhand. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. http://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0402032
Gupta P., Roy S., Mahindrakar A. B. (2012). Treatment of water using water hyacinth, water lettuce and vetiver grass - A Review. Resources and Environment 2(5):202-215. DOI:10.5923/j.re.20120205.04
Jayaweera, M. W., Kasturiarachchi, J. C., Kularatne, R. K., & Wijeyekoon, S. L. (2008). Contribution of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) grown under different nutrient conditions to Fe-removal mechanisms in constructed wetlands. J Environ Manage, 87(3), 450-460. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.013
Lima, M. X., Carvalho, K. Q., Passig, F. H., Borges, A. C., Filippe, T. C., Azevedo, J. C. R., & Nagalli, A. (2018). Performance of different substrates in constructed wetlands planted with E. crassipes treating low-strength sewage under subtropical conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 630, 1365-1373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.342
Lindsey, Keith. Hirt, Hans-Martin (1999). Use water hyacinth! a practical handbook of uses for the water hyacinth from across the world. Winnenden, DE: Anamed IUCN Publication.
Lu, J., Fu, Z., & Yin, Z. (2008). Performance of a water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(5), 513-519. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62088-4
Madikizela, L. M. (2021). Removal of organic pollutants in water using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 113153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113153
Mary Lissy P N, G Madhu, Removal of heavy metals from waste water using water hyacinth, ACEEE Int. J. on Transportation and Urban Development, Vol.01, No.01, Apr 2011.
Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, M. K., Le, T. H. O., Bui, T. T., Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, T. Q., & Ngo, A. v. (2021). Kinetics of Organic Biodegradation and Biogas Production in the Pilot-Scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) for Piggery Wastewater Treatment. J Anal Methods Chem, 2021, 6641796. doi: 10.1155/2021/6641796
Nguyen, T. T. H. (2019). Efficiency assessment of piggery wastewater treatment in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at pilot scale (capacity 10m3/day). Bachelor thesis, VNU University of Science.
Vinh Phuc DONRE, 2020. “Period environmental quality monitoring” report.
Vymazal, J., & Kröpfelová, L. (2008). Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow: Springer Netherlands.