Prevalence and Characteristic of Superficial Fungal Infection in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
Abstract
Superficial mycoses are the most common dermatological diseases caused chiefly by dermatophytes. Due to poor hygiene, superficial mycosis is more common in rural areas, yet the disease can also spread in urban areas. This study aims to determine the prevalence of superficial mycoses and compare the characteristics of skin lesions with the results of a microscopic examination of the fungus. According to this study, Pityriasis versicolor (22.2%), Tinea corporis (35.8%), and Tinea cruris (25.3%) were the three most prevalent superficial mycoses. The age distribution revealed that 25.4% of the samples were obtained from children, 37.3% from young adults, 25.4% from middle-aged adults, and 11.9% from old adults. Results from microscopic examination suggest that hyphae were absent in 28.4% of samples suspected of having an infection with superficial mycoses. In this study, the short hyphae of Malassezia and the septate and hyaline hyphae of dermatophytes could be distinguished.
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References
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Zareshahrabadi, Z., Totonchi, A., Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A., et al. (2021). Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran. Mycoses. 64(4): 385-393.
Andrews, M.D., Burns, M. (2008). Common tinea infections in children. Am Fam Physician, 77(10):1415–1420.
Berenji, F., Sivaki, M.M., Sadabadi, F., Aliabadi, Z.A., Ganjbakhsh, M., Salehi, M. (2016). A retrospective study of cutaneous fungal infections in patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad. Curr Med Mycol. 2(1): 20-23.
Buil, J.B., Meijer, E.F., Denning, D.W., Verweij, P.E., Meis, J.F. (2020). Burden of serious fungal infections in the Netherlands. Mycoses, 63(6): 625-631.
Clavaud, C., Jourdain, R., Bar-Hen, A., Tichit, M., Bouchier, C., Pouradier, F., El Rawadi, C., Guillot, J., Ménard-Szczebara, F., Breton, L., Latgé, J-P., Mouyna, I. (2013). Dandruff is associated with disequilibrium in the proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonizing the scalp. PLoS One 8: e58203.
de Hoog, G.S., Dukik, K., Monod, M., et al. (2017). Toward a novel multilocus phylogenetic taxonomy for the dermatophytes. Mycopathologia. 182(1–2): 5-31.
Devy, D., Ervianti, E. (2018). Studi Retrospektif: Karakteristik Dermatofitosis. Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin. 30(1): 66-72.
Ebrahimi, M., Zarrinfar, H., Naseri, A., et al. (2019). Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Northeastern Iran: a subtropical region. Curr Med Mycol. 5(2): 16–21. doi.org/10.18502/cmm.5.2.1156.
Findley, K., Oh, J., Yang, J., Conlan, S., Deming, C., Meyer, J.A., Schoenfeld, D., Nomicos, E., Park, M., Kong, H.H., Segre, J.A. (2013). NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program. Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin. Nature. 498: 367–370.
Gupta, A.K., Bluhm, R., Cooper, E.A., Summerbell, R.C., Batra, R. (2003). Seborrheic dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. 21:401–412.
Gupta, A.K., Foley, K.A., Versteeg, S.G. (2017). New Antifungal Agents and New Formulations Against Dermatophytes. Mycopathologia. 182(1-2): 127-141.
Hayette, M., Sacheli, R. (2015). Dermatophytosis, trends in epidemiology and diagnosis approach. Current fungal Infection Reports. 9(6): 164-179.
Kambil, S.M. (2017). A Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Pityriasis Versicolor. 5(9): 155–9.
Khodadadi, H., Zomorodian, K., Nouraei, H., Zareshahrabadi, Z., Barzegar, S., Zare, M.R., Pakshir, K. (2021). Prevalence of superficial-cutaneous fungal infections in Shiraz, Iran: A five-year retrospective study (2015–2019). J Clin Lab Anal. 35:e23850.
Krishan, K., Badgal, A., Dogra, D., Dogra, N.K.(2015). A Single Centre Study on Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Pityriasis Versicolor and Prevalence of Other Dermatosis with High Sebum Production.
Leung, A.K.C., Lam, J.M., Leong, K.F., Hon, K.L. (2020). Tinea corporis: an updated review. Drugs in Context, 9.
Nura, M,S., Sani, N., Abubakar, M, AS K. 2016. A Review Of The Current Status Of Tinea Versicolor In Some Parts Of Nigeria. Int J Sci Eng Appl Sci. 2: 201–217.
Oke, O., Onayemi, O., Olasode, O., Omisore, A., Oninla, O. (2014). The prevalence and pattern of superficial fungal infections among school children in ile-ife, south-western nigeria. Dermatol Res Pract.2014: 1-7.
Panasiti, V., Borroni, R.G., Devirgiliis, V., Rossi, M., Fabbrizio, L., Masciangelo, R., Bottoni, U., Calvieri, S. (2006). Comparison of diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of dermatomycoses and onychomycoses. Mycoses. 49(1): 26-29.
Putri, A.I., Astari, L. (2017). Profil dan evaluasi pasien dermatofitosis. Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin. 29(2): 135-141.
Qadim, H. H., Golforoushan, F., Azimi, H., Goldust, M. (2013). Original papers factors leading to dermatophytosis. Annals of Parasitology. 59(2): 99–102.
Rahman, M.H., Hadiuzzaman, Jaman, M.K., Bhuiyan, Islam, N., Ansari, N.P., Mumu, S.A., Chowdhury, I.J. (2011). Prevalence of superficial fungal infections in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Iran J Dermatol. 14: 86-91.
Remya, V., Arun, B. (2019). Diagnostic Efficacy of Wood’s Lamp Examination Compared with Koh Wet Mount for Diagnosis of Pityriasis Versicolor Cases. Int J Heal Sci Res. 9(4): 27–30.
Ridzuan, P.M., Nazira, C.M., Ruth, M., Rassip, C.N.A., Raihan, M.H.N., Ismail, S., Rahman, N.I.A., Suzima, E.A., Azhan, H. (2019). Mino review on dermatomycosis. J Sci Math L. 8: 6-15.
Sanggarwati, S.Y.D.R., Wahyunitisari, M.R., Astari, L., Ervianti, E. (2021). Profile of Tinea Corporis and Tinea Cruris in Dermatovenereology Clinic of Tertiery Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit Dan Kelamin. 33(1): 34–39. doi.org/10.20473/bikk.V33.1.2021.34-39.
Sondakh, C.E., Pandaleke, T.A., Mawu, F.O. (2016). Profil dermatofitosis di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. RD Kandou Manado periode Januari–Desember. e-CliniC. 4(1): 1-7.
White, T.C., FIndley, K., Dawson Jr., T.L., Scheynius, A., Boekhout, T., Cuomo, C.A., Xu, J., Saunders, C.W. (2014). Fungi on the Skin: Dermatophytes and Malassezia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 4:a019802
Yadav, A., Urhekar, A.D., Mane, V., Danu, M.S., Goel, N., Ajit, K.G. (2013). Optimization and isolation of dermatophytes from clinical samples and in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2(3):19-34.
Yee, G., Al Aboud, A. M. (2022). Tinea Corporis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Yossela, T. (2015). Diagnosis dan Treatment of Tinea cruris. J Majority. 4(2):122-128.
Zareshahrabadi, Z., Totonchi, A., Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A., et al. (2021). Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran. Mycoses. 64(4): 385-393.
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
WIRAWAN, I Gde Nengah Adhilaksman Sunyamurthi; WIJAYA, I Made Indra.
Prevalence and Characteristic of Superficial Fungal Infection in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia.
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 1-7, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2655-9994.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jbb/article/view/110787>. Date accessed: 02 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/IJBB.2023.v11.i01.p01.
Section
Articles
