PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU NIRA GULA TEBU
Abstract
ABSTRAK : Gula kristal putih (GKP) merupakan bahan pemanis alami dari bahan baku sebagai sumber kalori dan energi. Kebutuhan GKP nasional yang semakin tinggi akibat pertambahan populasi penduduk tidak diimbangi dengan tingkat produksi industri gula yang mencukupi. Permasalahan industri gula nasional saat ini disebabkan oleh rendahnya kualitas rendemen, kondisi mesin dan pabrik yang sudah tua, dan teknologi atau metodologi yang tidak berkembang. Untuk mendukung peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu gula nasional maka perlu dilakukan inovasi teknologi dengan memanfaatkan kitosan (chitosan) yang ramah lingkungan. Keunggulan teknis kitosan antara lain: pengikat ion logam, decolorization, dan flokulan yang dapat meningkatkan mutu gula. Penelitian ini telah berhasil melakukan pemurnian nira gula dengan menggunakan kitosan berpelarut 3 jenis asam organik, yaitu asam oksalat, asam sitrat, dan asam asetat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kekeruhan nilai NTU nira tebu setelah dilakukan pemurnian dengan kitosan berpelarut 3 jenis asam organik turun hingga 88%-95% terhadap bahan baku nira gula (referensi). Kadar kalium (K) dan magnesium (Mg) pada nira hasil pemurnian juga turun hingga 46%-87% dan 24%-40%, secara berturut-turut. Dari ketiga jenis asam organik pelarut kitosan, asam oksalat memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan hingga skala industri pada proses pemurnian nira gula karena memiliki nilai NTU terkecil sebesar 41,6; kadar K 1,67 mg/L; dan kadar Mg 7,03 mg/L.
ABSTRACT: White crystal sugar is a natural sweetener which can be an alternativecalorie and energy source. The high need of national sugar due to the growthof population does not balanced by the adequate production of sugar industry. The problems of national sugar industries are caused by the low quality of sucrose content, the condition of old machines and factory, and undeveloped either technology or methodology. Technology innovation need to be developed for supporting the enhance of national productivity and sugar quality, such as using chitosan in the sugarcane purification. The chitosan advantages include metal ion binder, decolorization, and flocculants which can improve the quality of sugar. This research has been successfully refined sugarcane using chitosan dissolved in three organic acids, i.e. oxalic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid. Based on the analysis data of turbidity, the NTU value of purified sugarcane using chitosan decreased in 88%-95% due to the raw sugarcane (reference). The kalium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents of chitosan-purified sugarcane also reduced to 46%-87% and 24%-40%, respectively. From the three organic acids, oxalic acid has a potential to be developed in industrial scale of sugarcane purification because it has the smallest turbidity value of 41.6 NTU, K content of 1,67 mg/L; and Mg content of 7,03 mg/L.
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References
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