ISOLATION OF PARASITE CONTAMINATION IN THE SOIL
Abstract
Research has been carried out on the soil around the cowshed and grazing land. Soil is the source of infection/infestation of L3 (larval stage 3), infective eggs, oocysts and mite or ticks. Soil-Transmitted Pathogens are organisms that live on the ground, but in a short time, then the continuity of the cycle requires a host. The cow acts as host in this case. The aim of the study is to isolate the type of parasitic contamination in the soil around the enclosure and grazing land. Each soil sample of 100 is collected from dry calcareous areas (Jimbaran) and the wet regions (Mengwi-Badung). The float method with MgSO4 (English salt) is modified as a method to determine the type of soil contamination. The results of the study showed 45% (90/200) soil contaminated by parasites. The parasite contamination found is coccidia oocyst, protozoa cyst, trematode and nematode worm eggs, nematode worm larvae and mite eggs and larvae. Conclusions from the results are 45% of the soil are contaminated by parasitic namely protozoa, worm eggs, mite larvae and eggs from the Bukit Jimbaran region (29%) and Mengwi (61%).
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References
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Matsuo J, Kimura D, Rai SK, Uga S. 2004. Detection of Toxoplasma oocyst from soil by modified sucrose flotation and PCR methods. Shouthest Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Health. 35(2): 270-274.
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Nordin A, Nyberg K, Vinneras B. 2009. Inactivation of ascaris eggs in source-separated urine and feces by ammonia at ambient temperatures. App. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 662–667.
Nugroho A. 2014. Peran tanah sebagai reservoir penyakit. Vektora. 6(1): 27-32.
Paller VGV, Babia-Abion S. 2019. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) eggs contaminating soils in selected organic and conventional farms in the Philippines. Parasite Epidemiol. Cont. 7: e00119.
Purwanta N, Hutauruk JD, Setiawathy S. 2009. Identifikasi cacing saluran pencernaan (Gastrointestinal) pada sapi Bali melalui pemeriksaan tinja di Kabupaten Gowa. J. Agrisistem. 5(1): 10-21.
Rai SK, Uga S, Ono K , Rai G, Matsumura T. 2000. Contamination of soil with helminth parasite eggs in Nepal. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Health. 31(2): 388-393.
Ristic M, Miladinovic-Tasic N, Dimitrijevic S, Nenadovic K, Bogunovic D, Stevanovic P, Ilic T. 2020. Soil and sand contamination with canine intestinal parasite eggs as a risk factor for human health in public parks in Niš (Serbia). Helminthol. 57(2): 109-119.
Silvana R, Rosa M, Ferreiro P, Aline PF, Lais HT, Bianca BAM, Sergio OP, Marcos MC. 2011. Environment analysis of the parasitic profile found in the sandy soil from the Santhos Municipality Beaches, sp Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 53(5): 277-281.
Soulsby EJL. 1982. Helminth, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th Ed. Bailliere Tindall London
Sugama IN, Suyasa IN. 2007. Keragaan infeksi parasit gastrointestinal pada sapi Bali model kandang simantri. Balai Kajian Teknologi Pertanian Bali.
Sures B, Nachev M, Selbach C, David JM. 2017. Parasite responses to pollution: what we know and where we go in ‘Environmental Parasitology. Parasites dan Vectors. 10: 65.
Theresa RS, Huw VS, Joan BR. 2000. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. J. Int. Parasitol. 30(12-13): 1379-1393.
Tudor P. 2015. Soil contamination with canine intestinal parasites eggs in the parks and shelter dogs from Bucharest area. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia. 6: 387-391.
Wahyuni D, Arniwita F, Putri E. 2012. Telur parasit nematode usus pada pemukiman kurang sehat di kota Pekanbaru. J. Kes. Kom. 1(4): 188-192.
Word Health Organization. 2004. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis. Parasitol. Int. 53(2): 103-113.
Word Health Organization. 2022. Soil transmitted helminth infections. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections
Zain SNM, Rahman R, Lewis JW. 2014. Stray animal and human defecation as sources of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in playgrounds of Peninsular Malaysia. J. Helminthol. Pp. 1-8.
Zajac AM, Conboy GA. 2007. Veterinary clinical parasitology. Seventh Ed. AAVP (American Association of Veterinary Parasitologist. Blackwell Publishing.
Agustina KK, Darmayudha AAGO, Wirata IW. 2013. Prevalensi Toxocara vitulorum pada induk dan anak sapi bali di wilayah Bali Timur. Bul. Vet. Udayana. 5(1): 1-6.
Agustina KK, Anthara MS, Sibang NAAN,
Wiguna WAR, Apramada JK, Gunawan WNF, Oka IBM, Subrata M, Besung NK. 2021. Prevalence and distribution of soiltransmitted helminth infection in free-roaming dogs in Bali Province, Indonesia. Vet. World. 14(2): 446-451.
Agustina KK, Wirawan IMA, Sudarmaja IM, Subrata M, Dharmawan NS. 2022. The first report on the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors among traditional pig farmers in Bali Province, Indonesia. Vet. World. 15(5): 1154-1162.
Andi AA, Apsari IAP, Ardana IBK. 2015. Isolasi dan identifikasi oosista koksidia dari tanah di sekitar tempat pembuangan sampah di Kota Denpasar. Indon. Med. Vet. 4(2): 163-169.
Asian Liver Fluke network. 2007. http://www.welcome Asian Liver Fluke network.htm.
Astiti LG, Panjaitan T, Prisominggo. 2011. Identifikasi parasit internal pada sapi Bali di wilayah dampingan sarjana membangun desa di Kabupaten Bima. Proc. Sem. Nas. Teknol. Peternakan dan Vet. Pp. 384-387.
Brotowidjoyo MD.1987. Parasit dan parasitisme. Penerbit CV. Akademika Pressindo, Jakarta.
Brotowidjoyo MD. 1989. Epidemiologi penyakit parasit. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Edza AW, Merry C, Globila N. 2021. Relation of parasites in soil with the existence of parasites on farmers nails. Ina. J. Med. Lab. Sci. Tech. 3(1): 47–55.
Ferreira FP, Caldarti ET, Freire RL, Mitsuka-Breganoi R, Machado de Freitas F, Miura AC, Mareze M, Martins FDC, Urbano MR, Seifert AL, Navarro IT. 2018. The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens. Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol. 27(3): 327-337.
Fitriastuti ER, Atikah N, Isriyanthi NMR. 2011. Studi penyakit koksidiosis pada sapi betina di 9 Provinsi di Indonesia. Balai besar Pengujian Mutu dan Sertifikasi Obat Hewan. Bogor.
Ganeshamurthy AN, Varalakshm LR, Sumangala HP. 2008. Environmental risks associated with heavy metal contamination in soil, water and plants in urban and periurban agriculture. J. Hortl. Sci. 3(1): 1-29.
Hasan AA, Oyebamiji DA. 2018. Intensity of soil transmitted helminths in relation to soil profile in selected public schools in ibadan Metropolis. Biom Biostat Int J. 7(5): 413-417.
Horiuchi S, Paller VGP, Uga S. 2013. Soil contamination by parasite eggs in rural village in the Philippines. Trop. Biomed. 30(3): 495–503.
Jeffrey AH, Toshiharu T, Rieta G. 2011. Differing success of defense strategies in two parasitoid wasps in protecting their pupae against a secondary hyperparasitoid. An. Entomol. Soc. America. 104(5): 1005-1011.
Juliet ON, Oliver NO, Oliver OO, Cosmos UA. 2013. Comparative study of Intestinal Helminth and Protozoa of Cattle and Goats in Abakaliki Metropolis of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 4(2): 223-227.
Kafle CM, Ghimire S, Dhakal P, Shrestha U, Poudel SCR, Adhikari N, Tuladhar R. 2014. ldentification of parasites in soil samples of vegetable field of bhaktapur district. TUJM. 2(1): 26-28.
Kvasnicka B. 2007. Coccidiosis in beef cattle. Product of extension beef cattle resource committee. Adapted from the cattle producers library. Beef Cattle Handbook.
Lab Pengelolaan DAS dan Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Tanah dan Air. 2009. Klimatologi (suatu pengantar). Buku Ajar Klimatologi.
Laurentine S, Esther NOA, Eveline M, Tiburce G, Hugues C, Nana-Djeunga. 2021 Transmission of soil transmitted helminthiasis in the mifi health district (west region, cameroon): low endemicity but still prevailing risk. Parasitologia. 1: 95–104.
Levine ND. 1994. Buku pelajaran parasitologi veteriner. Penerjemah Gatut Ashadi dan wardiarto. Edisi Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Pp. 531.
Lynn MK, Morrissey JA, Conserve DF. 2021. Soil-transmitted helminths in the USA: a review of five common parasites and future directions for avenues of enhanced epidemiologic inquiry. Curr. Trop. Med. Rep. 8: 32–42.
Maas J. 2007. Coccidiosis in cattle. UCD.Vet Views. California Cattlemens Magazine. School of Veterinary Medicine University of California.
Machfudz, Puspitawati SH. 2017. Kontaminasi tanah oleh telur cacing Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) di halaman sekolah negeri di Surabaya. http://lib.unair.ac.id.
Matsuo J, Kimura D, Rai SK, Uga S. 2004. Detection of Toxoplasma oocyst from soil by modified sucrose flotation and PCR methods. Shouthest Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Health. 35(2): 270-274.
Medicastore. 2011. Toxocariasis. Infeksi dan Penyakit menular. http://medicastore.com/penyakit/220/Toksokariasis.
Mel Pence. 2001. Coccidiosis in cattle. University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine. www.ugabeef.caes.uga.edu/coccidiosis.
Nordin A, Nyberg K, Vinneras B. 2009. Inactivation of ascaris eggs in source-separated urine and feces by ammonia at ambient temperatures. App. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 662–667.
Nugroho A. 2014. Peran tanah sebagai reservoir penyakit. Vektora. 6(1): 27-32.
Paller VGV, Babia-Abion S. 2019. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) eggs contaminating soils in selected organic and conventional farms in the Philippines. Parasite Epidemiol. Cont. 7: e00119.
Purwanta N, Hutauruk JD, Setiawathy S. 2009. Identifikasi cacing saluran pencernaan (Gastrointestinal) pada sapi Bali melalui pemeriksaan tinja di Kabupaten Gowa. J. Agrisistem. 5(1): 10-21.
Rai SK, Uga S, Ono K , Rai G, Matsumura T. 2000. Contamination of soil with helminth parasite eggs in Nepal. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Health. 31(2): 388-393.
Ristic M, Miladinovic-Tasic N, Dimitrijevic S, Nenadovic K, Bogunovic D, Stevanovic P, Ilic T. 2020. Soil and sand contamination with canine intestinal parasite eggs as a risk factor for human health in public parks in Niš (Serbia). Helminthol. 57(2): 109-119.
Silvana R, Rosa M, Ferreiro P, Aline PF, Lais HT, Bianca BAM, Sergio OP, Marcos MC. 2011. Environment analysis of the parasitic profile found in the sandy soil from the Santhos Municipality Beaches, sp Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 53(5): 277-281.
Soulsby EJL. 1982. Helminth, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th Ed. Bailliere Tindall London
Sugama IN, Suyasa IN. 2007. Keragaan infeksi parasit gastrointestinal pada sapi Bali model kandang simantri. Balai Kajian Teknologi Pertanian Bali.
Sures B, Nachev M, Selbach C, David JM. 2017. Parasite responses to pollution: what we know and where we go in ‘Environmental Parasitology. Parasites dan Vectors. 10: 65.
Theresa RS, Huw VS, Joan BR. 2000. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. J. Int. Parasitol. 30(12-13): 1379-1393.
Tudor P. 2015. Soil contamination with canine intestinal parasites eggs in the parks and shelter dogs from Bucharest area. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia. 6: 387-391.
Wahyuni D, Arniwita F, Putri E. 2012. Telur parasit nematode usus pada pemukiman kurang sehat di kota Pekanbaru. J. Kes. Kom. 1(4): 188-192.
Word Health Organization. 2004. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis. Parasitol. Int. 53(2): 103-113.
Word Health Organization. 2022. Soil transmitted helminth infections. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections
Zain SNM, Rahman R, Lewis JW. 2014. Stray animal and human defecation as sources of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in playgrounds of Peninsular Malaysia. J. Helminthol. Pp. 1-8.
Zajac AM, Conboy GA. 2007. Veterinary clinical parasitology. Seventh Ed. AAVP (American Association of Veterinary Parasitologist. Blackwell Publishing.
Published
2023-05-21
How to Cite
APSARI, Ida Ayu Pasti; SWACITA, Ida Bagus Ngurah; OKA, Ida Bagus Made.
ISOLATION OF PARASITE CONTAMINATION IN THE SOIL.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 694-701, may 2023.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/101360>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i04.p23.
Section
Articles
