Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Penyangraian terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Mutu Sensori Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama penyangraian terhadap karakteristik fisik dan mutu sensori kopi arabika, 2) mengetahui derajat suhu dan lama penyangraian yang terbaik terhadap karakteristik fisik dan mutu sensori kopi arabika. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah suhu yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 220°C, 235°C dan 250°C. Faktor kedua adalah lama penyangraian, yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 14 menit, 17 menit dan 20 menit. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi rendemen, kadar air, nilai warna, kadar keasaman dan uji sensori kopi arabika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan suhu dan lama penyangraian berpengaruh terhadap rendemen, kadar air, nilai warna, kadar keasaman, aroma, rasa dan warna kopi arabika. Suhu penyangraian 235°C dengan lama penyangraian 14 menit merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan karakteristik fisik dan mutu sensori kopi arabika yang terbaik, yaitu dengan rendemen 82,5%, kadar air 1,08% (bb), beda warna L (Lightness) 6,51, keasaman 5,84, skoring aroma 3,6 (antara biasa dan suka), skoring rasa 3,2 (antara biasa dan suka), skoring warna 3,6 (antara biasa dan suka).

This research was aimed to 1) determine the effects of temperature and duration of roasting coffee bean on physical characteristics and sensory quality of arabica coffee; 2) determine the temperature and roasting time which result the best of the physicals characteristics and sensory quality of arabica coffee. The experiments were carried out by using a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was roasting  temperature which consisted of three levels of 220, 235 and 250°C. The second factor was  roasting duration, that consisted of three levels that was 14, 17 and 20 minutes. The variables observed in this study were yield, water content, color by CIELAB, acidity and organoleptic test. The results showed that the roasting temperature treatment and the duration of roasting affected the yield, water content, value of color, acidity levels, aroma, taste and color of arabica roasted coffee. The roasting temperature of 235°C with the duration of 14 minutes was the best treatment which produced the best roasted coffee in physical characteristics sensory quality of arabica coffee, namely 82.5% yield, 1.08% (w/w) moisture content, 6,51 color value (Lightness), 5,84 acidity, aroma 3,6 (between moderate and likes), taste score 3,2 (between moderate and likes), color scoring 3.6 (between moderate and likes).