Estimasi Evapotranspirasi Potensial Kabupaten Tabanan Berdasarkan Suhu Permukaan Daratan Menggunakan Citra Landsat 8
Abstract
Evapotranspirasi Potential (ETp) merupakan parameter iklim yang berguna untuk memperkirakan kebutuhan air tanaman sesuai kondisi cuaca setempat. Penentuan ETp di kabupaten Tabanan dilakukan mengingat Kabupaten Tabanan merupakan daerah yang memiliki luas lahan sawah terluas di Pulau Bali. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan Land Surface Temperature (LST) yang berada di Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali dan untuk mengestimasi nilai evapotranspirasi potensial estimasi evapotranspirasi potensial berdasarkan LST yang berada di Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali. Penentuan LST dan ETp dilakukan dengan menggunakan Google Earth Engine (GEE) dan perangkat lunak QGIS 3.28.11. ETp ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Blaney Criddle. Data Citra Satelit yang digunakan adalah Citra Landsat 8 dari tahun 2018 – 2022 pada Bulan Mei – Oktober dengan penutupan awan kurang dari 20%. Sebaran LST bulan Mei - Oktober tahun 2018 sebaran untuk daerah bagian utara Kabupaten Tabanan yang meliputi Kecamatan Baturiti, sebagian Kecamatan Penebel dan sebagian Kecamatan Pupuan memiliki kisaran suhu >18°C-30°. Untuk daerah selatan Kabupaten Tabanan yang meliputi Kecamatan Kediri, Kecamatan Tabanan, Kecamatan Kerambitan, Kecamatan Selemadeg Timur, Kecamatan Selemadeg, dan Kecamatan Selemadeg Barat memiliki kisaran suhu 25°C->35°C. Pola sebaran LST tersebut terjadi juga pada tahun 2019 – 2022, dimana daerah bagian utara memiliki LST yang lebih rendah dibandingkan daerah bagian selatan. Peta distribusi spasial ETp pada bulan Mei-Oktober tahun 2018-2022 di Kabupaten Tabanan menunjukkan pola sebaran yang menyerupai pola sebaran LST. Daerah Pesisir Tenggara mempunyai ETp berkisar 5 mm/hari sampai lebih dari 6 mm/hari. Sedangkan pada daerah bagian utara Kabupaten Tabanan memiliki nilai ETp berkisar 4 mm/hari kurang dari 5 mm/hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa makin tinggi LST nilai ETp makin tinggi. Nilai rata-rata LST dan ETP adalah adalah 29,7 oC dan 5,32 mm/hari.
Potential Evapotranspiration (ETp) is an important climatic parameter for estimating crop water requirements under local weather conditions. Determining ETp in Tabanan Regency was conducted considering that Tabanan Regency has the largest area of paddy fields on the island of Bali. The purpose of this study was to determine the Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Tabanan Regency, Bali, and to estimate the potential evapotranspiration value based on LST in Tabanan Regency, Bali. LST and ETp determination was performed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and QGIS 3.28.11 software. ETp was determined using the Blaney Criddle method. The satellite imagery data used was Landsat 8 imagery from 2018 – 2022 for the months of May – October with cloud cover less than 20%. The LST distribution from May to October 2018 for the northern part of Tabanan Regency, which includes Baturiti District, parts of Penebel District, and parts of Pupuan District, had a temperature range of >18°C-30°C. For the southern part of Tabanan Regency, which includes Kediri District, Tabanan District, Kerambitan District, East Selemadeg District, Selemadeg District, and West Selemadeg District, the temperature range was 25°C->35°C. This LST distribution pattern also occurred from 2019 to 2022, where the northern part had a lower LST compared to the southern part. The spatial distribution map of ETp from May to October 2018-2022 in Tabanan Regency indicated a distribution pattern similar to the LST distribution pattern. ETp was ranging from 5 mm/day to more than 6 mm/day for the Southeastern coastal area. Meanwhile, the northern part was ranging from to 4 mm/day to less than 5 mm/day. It can be concluded that the higher the LST, the higher the ETp value. The average LST and ETp values were 29,7 °C and 5,32 mm/day, respectively.
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References
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