Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba (Income Smoothing)
Abstract
The research aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, company size, and managerial ownership on income smoothing practices (Income Smoothing). This research was conducted at property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. Sampling technique using purprosive sampling method obtained 18 selected companies to be sampled with 3 years of observation so as to get a total sample of 54. Hypothesis testing was tested using logistic regression analysis techniques. positive about income smoothing practices (Income Smoohing).
Keywords : Income Smoothing Practices; Profitability; Company Size; Managerial Ownership.
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References
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Alexandr, M. B., & Anjani, W. K. (2014). Income Smoothing : Impact Factors, Evidence In Indonesia. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 3(1), 21–27.
Anthony, & Govindrajan. (2005). Management Control System (Pertama). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Ayunika, N. P. N., & Yadnyana, I. K. (2018). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitasdan Financial Leverage Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 25(3), 2402–2429.
Beattie, V., Brown, S., Ewers, D., John, B., Manson, S., Thomas, D., & Turner, M. (1994). Extraordinary Items and Income Smoothing: a Positive Accounting Approach. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 21, pp. 791–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1994.tb00349.x
Belkaouli, A. R. (2007). Accounting Theory (Buku 2) (Kelima). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Boediono, G. S. (2005). Kualitas Laba: Studi Pengaruh Mekanisme Corpomfe Governance dan Dampak Manajemen Laba Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Jalur. Corporate Governance, 8(1), 15–16.
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2006). Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Cahyaningsih, R. M. T., Arifati, R., & Oemar, A. (2014). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Manajerial, Profitabilitas, Dividend Payout Ratio, Free Cash Flow, Struktur Aset, dan Leverage Operasi Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba ( Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di BEI Ta. Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Pandanaran Semarang, 1(1), 1–30.
Chung, R., Firth, M., & Kim, J. B. (2005). Earnings management, surplus free cash flow, and external monitoring. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.12.002
Corolina, & Juniarti. (2005). Analisa Faktor - Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Perataan Laba ( Income Smoothing ) Pada Perusahaan- Perusahaan Go Public. Jurnal Universitas Kri, 1(1), 148–161.
Detik Finance. (2014). Usai Manipulasi Keuangan, Waskita Karya Segera Direstukturisasi. Retrieved September 18, 2019, from Berita Ekonomi Bisnis website: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-1200038/usai-manipulasi-keuangan-waskita-karya-segera-direstukturisasi
Dolar, B. (2016). Income Smoothing Practices of Us Banks. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 10(1), 1–11.
Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1991). Stewardship Theory or Agency Theory: Australian Journal of Management, 16(June 1991), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289629101600103
Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57–74.
Fengju, X., Yari Fard, R., Ghassab Maher, L., & Akhteghan, N. (2016). The relationship between financial leverage and profitability with an emphasis on income smoothing in Iran’s capital market. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3), 156–164.
Fudenberg, D., & Tirole, J. (1995). A Theory of Income and Dividend Smoothing Based on Incumbency Rents. Journal of Political Economy, 103(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1086/261976
Gantino, R. (2015). Effect of Managerial Ownership Structure , Financial Risk and Its Value on Income Smoothing in the Automotive Industry and Food & Beverage Industry Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(4), 48–56.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 (Edisi Delapan). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia. (2009). Standar Akuntansi Keuangan PSAK No. 1: Penyajian Laporan Keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Iskandar, A., & Suardana, K. (2016). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Return on Asset, Dan Winner/Loser Stock Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 14(2), 805–834.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory Of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Aagency Cost And Ownership Structure Michael C. Jensen and William H. Mecling•. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360.
Kasmir. (2016). Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Leuz, C., Nanda, D., & Wysocki, P. D. (2003). Earnings management and investor protection: an international comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, 69(1), 505–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00121-1
Mahariana, I., & Ramantha, I. (2014). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bei. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 7(3), 688–699.
Nejad, H. S., Zeynali, S., & Alavi, S. S. (2013). Investigation of Income Smoothing At the Companieslistedonthestock Exchange By the Using Index Eckel ( Case Study : Tehran Stock Exchange ). Asian Journal of Management Sciences and Educaition, 2(2), 49–62.
Oktaviasari, T., Miqdad, M., & Effendi, R. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage Terhadap Perataan Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI. E-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 5(1), 81–87.
Pefindo. (2013). Equity Research PT Alkindo Naratama Tbk (ALDO). Retrieved from ttps://www.idx.co.id/Portals/0/StaticData/NewsAndAnnouncement/ANNOUNCEMENTSTOCK/Exchange/PENG-00016_BEI-PPR_ER_09-2013.pdf
Peranasari, I. A. A. I., & Dharmadiaksa, I. B. (2014). Perilaku Income Smoothing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 8(1), 69–82.
Prabayanti, N. L. P. A., & Yasa, G. W. (2011). Perataan laba (income smoothing) dan Analisis Fakor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. Journal Universitas Udayana, 6(1), 1–28.
Pradnyandari, A. A. I. R., & Astika, I. B. P. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Nilai Saham, Financial Leverage, Profitabilitas Pada Tindakan Perataan Laba di Sektor Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 27(1), 149–172.
Pratama, D. F. (2015). Pengaruh profitabilitas, resiko keuangan, nilai perusahaan, struktur kepemilikan dan dividend payout ratio terhadap perataan laba. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 13(1), 35–43.
Rahmawati. (2012). Teori Akuntansi Keuangan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Saeidi, P. (2012). The Relationship between Income Smoothing and Income Tax and Profitability Ratios in Iran Stock Market. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 4(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v4i1.790
Scott, W. . (2003). Financial Accounting Theory (2nd ed.). Canada: Prentice Hall.
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sulistyanto, H. S. (2008). Manajemen Laba: Teori dan Model Empiris. Jakarta: PT Grasindo.
Sutojo, S., & Aldridge, E. J. (2008). Good Corporate Governance ( Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Sehat). Jakarta: PT Famar Mulia Pustaka.
Tsuroyya, M. U., & Astika, I. B. P. (2017). Pengaruh Profitabilitas Dan Financial Leverage Pada Income Smoothing Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 20(3), 2273–2302.
Utama, M. S. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Kuantitatif (6th ed.). Denpasar: Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Udayana.
Veronica Indrawan, Sukrisno Agoes, H. P. and O. M. J., & Popoola. (2018). The Impact of Audit Committee, Firm Size, Profitability, and Leverage on Income Smoothing. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance (IPJAF), 2(1), 61–74.
Watts, R., & Zimmerman. (1978). Towards a Positive Theory off The Determination of Accounting Standards. The Accounting Review, 53(1), 112–134.
Widaryanti. (2009). Analisis Perataan Laba Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Fokus Ekonomi, 4(2), 60–77.
Wijoyo, D. S. (2014). Variabel-Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Publik. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntasi, 16(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/1410-9875
Yang, C., Murinde, V., & Ding, X. (2008). Ownership structure, corporate governance and income smoothing in China. WP, Department of Business, Economics & Management, 86(0), 1–28.
Yanti, N. M. Y. W. A., & Dwirandra, A. A. N. B. (2019). The effect of profitability in income smoothing practice with good corporate governance and dividend of payout ratio as a moderation variable. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(2), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n2.601
Zarnegar, Z., & Hamidian, M. (2015). Examining the Relationship between Profitability , Financial Leverage and Income Smoothing at Firms Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Irian Journal of Business and Economics, 3(3), 80–83.
Adriani, P. I., Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D., & Tenaya, G. A. I. (2018). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Financial Leverage, dan Winner/Loser Stock pada Perataan Laba Perusahaan Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 25(3), 1913–1938.
Alexandr, M. B., & Anjani, W. K. (2014). Income Smoothing : Impact Factors, Evidence In Indonesia. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 3(1), 21–27.
Anthony, & Govindrajan. (2005). Management Control System (Pertama). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Ayunika, N. P. N., & Yadnyana, I. K. (2018). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitasdan Financial Leverage Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 25(3), 2402–2429.
Beattie, V., Brown, S., Ewers, D., John, B., Manson, S., Thomas, D., & Turner, M. (1994). Extraordinary Items and Income Smoothing: a Positive Accounting Approach. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 21, pp. 791–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1994.tb00349.x
Belkaouli, A. R. (2007). Accounting Theory (Buku 2) (Kelima). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Boediono, G. S. (2005). Kualitas Laba: Studi Pengaruh Mekanisme Corpomfe Governance dan Dampak Manajemen Laba Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Jalur. Corporate Governance, 8(1), 15–16.
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2006). Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Cahyaningsih, R. M. T., Arifati, R., & Oemar, A. (2014). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Manajerial, Profitabilitas, Dividend Payout Ratio, Free Cash Flow, Struktur Aset, dan Leverage Operasi Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba ( Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di BEI Ta. Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Pandanaran Semarang, 1(1), 1–30.
Chung, R., Firth, M., & Kim, J. B. (2005). Earnings management, surplus free cash flow, and external monitoring. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.12.002
Corolina, & Juniarti. (2005). Analisa Faktor - Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Perataan Laba ( Income Smoothing ) Pada Perusahaan- Perusahaan Go Public. Jurnal Universitas Kri, 1(1), 148–161.
Detik Finance. (2014). Usai Manipulasi Keuangan, Waskita Karya Segera Direstukturisasi. Retrieved September 18, 2019, from Berita Ekonomi Bisnis website: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-1200038/usai-manipulasi-keuangan-waskita-karya-segera-direstukturisasi
Dolar, B. (2016). Income Smoothing Practices of Us Banks. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 10(1), 1–11.
Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1991). Stewardship Theory or Agency Theory: Australian Journal of Management, 16(June 1991), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289629101600103
Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57–74.
Fengju, X., Yari Fard, R., Ghassab Maher, L., & Akhteghan, N. (2016). The relationship between financial leverage and profitability with an emphasis on income smoothing in Iran’s capital market. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3), 156–164.
Fudenberg, D., & Tirole, J. (1995). A Theory of Income and Dividend Smoothing Based on Incumbency Rents. Journal of Political Economy, 103(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1086/261976
Gantino, R. (2015). Effect of Managerial Ownership Structure , Financial Risk and Its Value on Income Smoothing in the Automotive Industry and Food & Beverage Industry Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(4), 48–56.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 (Edisi Delapan). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia. (2009). Standar Akuntansi Keuangan PSAK No. 1: Penyajian Laporan Keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Iskandar, A., & Suardana, K. (2016). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Return on Asset, Dan Winner/Loser Stock Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 14(2), 805–834.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory Of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Aagency Cost And Ownership Structure Michael C. Jensen and William H. Mecling•. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360.
Kasmir. (2016). Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Leuz, C., Nanda, D., & Wysocki, P. D. (2003). Earnings management and investor protection: an international comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, 69(1), 505–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00121-1
Mahariana, I., & Ramantha, I. (2014). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bei. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 7(3), 688–699.
Nejad, H. S., Zeynali, S., & Alavi, S. S. (2013). Investigation of Income Smoothing At the Companieslistedonthestock Exchange By the Using Index Eckel ( Case Study : Tehran Stock Exchange ). Asian Journal of Management Sciences and Educaition, 2(2), 49–62.
Oktaviasari, T., Miqdad, M., & Effendi, R. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage Terhadap Perataan Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI. E-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 5(1), 81–87.
Pefindo. (2013). Equity Research PT Alkindo Naratama Tbk (ALDO). Retrieved from ttps://www.idx.co.id/Portals/0/StaticData/NewsAndAnnouncement/ANNOUNCEMENTSTOCK/Exchange/PENG-00016_BEI-PPR_ER_09-2013.pdf
Peranasari, I. A. A. I., & Dharmadiaksa, I. B. (2014). Perilaku Income Smoothing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 8(1), 69–82.
Prabayanti, N. L. P. A., & Yasa, G. W. (2011). Perataan laba (income smoothing) dan Analisis Fakor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. Journal Universitas Udayana, 6(1), 1–28.
Pradnyandari, A. A. I. R., & Astika, I. B. P. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Nilai Saham, Financial Leverage, Profitabilitas Pada Tindakan Perataan Laba di Sektor Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 27(1), 149–172.
Pratama, D. F. (2015). Pengaruh profitabilitas, resiko keuangan, nilai perusahaan, struktur kepemilikan dan dividend payout ratio terhadap perataan laba. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 13(1), 35–43.
Rahmawati. (2012). Teori Akuntansi Keuangan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Saeidi, P. (2012). The Relationship between Income Smoothing and Income Tax and Profitability Ratios in Iran Stock Market. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 4(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v4i1.790
Scott, W. . (2003). Financial Accounting Theory (2nd ed.). Canada: Prentice Hall.
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sulistyanto, H. S. (2008). Manajemen Laba: Teori dan Model Empiris. Jakarta: PT Grasindo.
Sutojo, S., & Aldridge, E. J. (2008). Good Corporate Governance ( Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Sehat). Jakarta: PT Famar Mulia Pustaka.
Tsuroyya, M. U., & Astika, I. B. P. (2017). Pengaruh Profitabilitas Dan Financial Leverage Pada Income Smoothing Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 20(3), 2273–2302.
Utama, M. S. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Kuantitatif (6th ed.). Denpasar: Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Udayana.
Veronica Indrawan, Sukrisno Agoes, H. P. and O. M. J., & Popoola. (2018). The Impact of Audit Committee, Firm Size, Profitability, and Leverage on Income Smoothing. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance (IPJAF), 2(1), 61–74.
Watts, R., & Zimmerman. (1978). Towards a Positive Theory off The Determination of Accounting Standards. The Accounting Review, 53(1), 112–134.
Widaryanti. (2009). Analisis Perataan Laba Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Fokus Ekonomi, 4(2), 60–77.
Wijoyo, D. S. (2014). Variabel-Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Publik. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntasi, 16(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/1410-9875
Yang, C., Murinde, V., & Ding, X. (2008). Ownership structure, corporate governance and income smoothing in China. WP, Department of Business, Economics & Management, 86(0), 1–28.
Yanti, N. M. Y. W. A., & Dwirandra, A. A. N. B. (2019). The effect of profitability in income smoothing practice with good corporate governance and dividend of payout ratio as a moderation variable. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(2), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n2.601
Zarnegar, Z., & Hamidian, M. (2015). Examining the Relationship between Profitability , Financial Leverage and Income Smoothing at Firms Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Irian Journal of Business and Economics, 3(3), 80–83.
Published
2020-07-10
How to Cite
MAOTAMA, Ngurah Surya; ASTIKA, Ida Bagus Putra.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba (Income Smoothing).
E-Jurnal Akuntansi, [S.l.], v. 30, n. 7, p. 1767 - 1779, july 2020.
ISSN 2302-8556.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/akuntansi/article/view/56030>. Date accessed: 18 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2020.v30.i07.p12.
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