Associations Between Government Ownership, Leverage, Media Exposure, Environmental Performance, and Carbon Emission
Abstract
This study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the impact of government ownership, leverage, media exposure, and environmental performance on carbon emission disclosure. The research focuses on energy sector companies listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2022. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in eight companies and 40 observations. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that media exposure positively influences carbon emission disclosure, while government ownership, leverage, and environmental performance show no significant effects. These findings support legitimacy theory, indicating that companies with greater media exposure are more transparent in their carbon emission reporting.
Keywords: Carbon emission disclosure; government ownership; leverage; media exposure; environmental performance.
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References
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Alfani, G. A., & Diyanty, V. (2020). Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure. Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura, 22(3), 333–346. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v22i3.1207
Andriadi, K. D., & Werastuti, D. N. S. (2020). Determinan Emisi Karbon Pada Sektor Industri dan Manufaktur. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 11(2), 147–158.
Apriliana, E., Ermaya, H. N. L., & Septyan, K. (2019). Pengaruh Tipe Industri, Kinerja Lingkungan, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Carbon Emission Disclosure. Widyakala Journal, 6(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.36262/ widyakala.v6i1.149
Asmeri, R., Ardiany, Y., Sari, R., Suarsa, A., & Sari, L. (2023). Disclosure of Carbon Emissions: Media Exposure, Industry Type, and Profitability of Food and Beverage Companies. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 16(1), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrbm.v16i1.7398
Astiti, N. N. W., & Wirama, D. G. (2020). Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(7), 1796–1810. https://doi.org/10.24843/ eja.2020.v30.i07.p14
Bo Bae Choi, Lee, D., & Psaros, J. (2013). An analysis of Australian company carbon emission disclosures. Pacific Accounting Review, 25(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/01140581311318968
Deniswara, K., Wijaya, F. K., & Handitya, E. J. (2023). Determinant of Carbon Emission Disclosure: Empirical Studies on Energy Companies in Indonesia. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 283–289. https://doi.org/10. 1145/3588243.3588283
Desai, R. (2022). Determinants of Corporate Carbon Disclosure: A Step Towards Sustainability Reporting. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(5), 886–896. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.06.007
Dewayani, N. P. E., & Ratnadi, N. M. D. (2021). Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas dan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(4), 836–850. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i04.p04
Dewi, L. G. K., Latrini, M. Y., & Rsi Respati, N. N. (2019). Determinan Carbon Emission Disclosure Perusahaan Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 28, 613–640. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v28.i01.p24
Digdowiseiso, K., Subiyanto, B., & Setioningsih, R. (2022). What Drives Environmental Disclosure? Evidence From Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(4), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13170
Florencia, V., & Handoko, J. (2021). Uji Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Media Exposure Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon dengan Pemoderasi. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 9(3), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.17509 /JRAK.V9I3.32412
Hapsari, C. A., & Prasetyo, A. B. (2020). Analyze Factors That Affect Carbon Emission Disclosure (Case Study In Non-Financial Firms Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange In 2014-2016). Accounting Analysis Journal, 9(2), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v9i2.38262
Hapsari, D. P., Umdiana, N., Kodriyah, & Mahardini, N. Y. (2021). Carbon Emission Disclosure: Testing The Influencing Factors. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC), 2(5), 1124–1131. https://doi.org/10.51601/IJERSC.V2I5.174
Hermawan, A., Aisyah, I. S., Gunardi, A., & Putri, W. Y. (2018). Going green: Determinants of carbon emission disclosure in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(1), 55–61.
IMF. (2022). Greenhouse Emissions Rise to Record, Erasing Drop During Pandemic. Diakses pada 20 Januari 2024, dari https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Artic les/2022/06/30/greenhouse-emissions-rise-to-record-erasing-drop-during-pandemic
Jannah, A. N. K., & Narsa, I. M. (2021). Factors That Can Be Predictors of Carbon Emissions Disclosure. Jurnal Akuntansi, 25(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10. 24912/ja.v25i1.725
Kholmi, M., Karsono, A. D. S., & Syam, D. (2020). Environmental Performance, Company Size, Profitability, and Carbon Emission Disclosure. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 10(2), 349. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak. v10i2.11811
Kiswanto, Widhiastuti, R., & Safitri, M. A. (2023). Institutional Ownership in Encouraging Carbon Emission Disclosure for Mining Companies, Basic Industries and Chemicals in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(3), 632–644. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.3(67).03
Krisnawanto, K., & Solikhah, B. (2019). Accounting Analysis Journal The Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure Moderated by Institutional Ownership. Accounting Analysis Journal, 8(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10. 15294/aaj.v8i2.32347
Kusumaputri, N. S., & Mimba, N. P. S. H. (2021). Ukuran Perusahaan, Good Corporate Governance, Eco-Control dan Luas Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibilty. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(7), 1798–1812. https://doi.org/ 10.24843/EJA.2021.v31.i07.p15
Lei, L. (Gillian), Li, Y., & Luo, Y. (2019). Production and dissemination of corporate information in social media: A review. Journal of Accounting Literature, 42(May 2018), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acclit.2019.02.002
Loru, T. S. (2023). Pengaruh Tipe Industri, Media Exposure dan Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 16(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.30813/jab.v16i1.3838
Majid, J. A., Adam, N. C., Rahim, N. A., & Razak, R. (2023). CEO Power, Regulatory Pressures, and Carbon Emissions: An Emerging Market Perspective. Cogent Business and Management, 10(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975. 2023.2276555
Muhammad, G. I., & Aryani, Y. A. (2021). The Impact of Carbon Disclosure on Firm Value with Foreign Ownership as A Moderating Variable. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24815/JDAB. V8I1.17011
Mujiani, S., Juardi, J., & Fauziah, F. (2019). Determinan Carbon Emission Disclosure pada Perusahaan Bumn yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi, 5(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.34204/jiafe.v5i1.1542
Nasih, M., Harymawan, I., Paramitasari, Y. I., & Handayani, A. (2019). Carbon Emissions, Firm Size, and Corporate Governance Structure: Evidence From the Mining and Agricultural Industries in Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092483
Pramuditya, I. D. G. N. E. C., & Budiasih, I. G. A. N. (2020). Dampak Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance pada Carbon Emission Disclosure. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(12), 3052–3065. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i12.p05
Pratiwi, L., Maharani, B., & Sayekti, Y. (2021). Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure: An Empirical Study on Indonesian Manufacturing Companies. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 11(2), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.14414/ tiar.v11i2.2411
Putri, S. K., & Arieftiara, D. (2023). Carbon emission disclosure, media exposure, carbon performance, and firm characteristics: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 12(3), 335–344. https://doi.org/10.20525/IJRBS.V12I3.2564
Ratmono, D., Darsono, D., & Selviana, S. (2021). Effect of Carbon Performance, Company Characteristics and Environmental Performance on Carbon Emission Disclosure: Evidence From Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(1), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10456
Riantono, I. E., & Sunarto, F. W. (2022). Factor Affecting Intentions of Indonesian Companies to Disclose Carbon Emission. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(3), 451–459. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12954
Saptiwi, N. W. T. (2019). Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon: Menguji Peranan Tipe Industri, Kinerja Lingkungan, Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Komite Audit. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 17(2), 227. https://doi.org/10.24167/jab.v17i2.2343
Setiany, E., Hidayah, N., Zamzami, A. H., & Ahmad, Z. (2022). Government Ownership, Media Exposure and Firm Characteristics on Carbon Emission Disclosure: The Case of Indonesia Manufacturing Industry. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 11(2), 193–203
Shao, J., & He, Z. (2022). How Does Social Media Drive Corporate Carbon Disclosure? Evidence From China. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10(August), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.971077
Utami, M. D. (2022). Factors Influencing The Carbon Emissions Disclosure In Basic and Chemical Industrial Companies Listed on The IDX In 2016-2019. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(9), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2219
Wibowo, R., Saring, S., Yunia, A., & Tri, J. P. (2022). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan Carbon-Intensive Industry. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 6(2), 3583–3599.
Yusuf, M. (2021). Determinan Carbon Emission Disclosure Di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing, 17(1), 131–157. https://doi.org/10.14710/jaa. 17.1.131-157
Akbaş, H. E., & Canikli, S. (2019). Determinants of Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure: An Empirical Investigation on Turkish Firms. Sustainability, 11(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11010107
Alfani, G. A., & Diyanty, V. (2020). Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure. Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura, 22(3), 333–346. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v22i3.1207
Andriadi, K. D., & Werastuti, D. N. S. (2020). Determinan Emisi Karbon Pada Sektor Industri dan Manufaktur. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 11(2), 147–158.
Apriliana, E., Ermaya, H. N. L., & Septyan, K. (2019). Pengaruh Tipe Industri, Kinerja Lingkungan, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Carbon Emission Disclosure. Widyakala Journal, 6(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.36262/ widyakala.v6i1.149
Asmeri, R., Ardiany, Y., Sari, R., Suarsa, A., & Sari, L. (2023). Disclosure of Carbon Emissions: Media Exposure, Industry Type, and Profitability of Food and Beverage Companies. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 16(1), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrbm.v16i1.7398
Astiti, N. N. W., & Wirama, D. G. (2020). Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(7), 1796–1810. https://doi.org/10.24843/ eja.2020.v30.i07.p14
Bo Bae Choi, Lee, D., & Psaros, J. (2013). An analysis of Australian company carbon emission disclosures. Pacific Accounting Review, 25(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/01140581311318968
Deniswara, K., Wijaya, F. K., & Handitya, E. J. (2023). Determinant of Carbon Emission Disclosure: Empirical Studies on Energy Companies in Indonesia. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 283–289. https://doi.org/10. 1145/3588243.3588283
Desai, R. (2022). Determinants of Corporate Carbon Disclosure: A Step Towards Sustainability Reporting. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(5), 886–896. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.06.007
Dewayani, N. P. E., & Ratnadi, N. M. D. (2021). Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas dan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(4), 836–850. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i04.p04
Dewi, L. G. K., Latrini, M. Y., & Rsi Respati, N. N. (2019). Determinan Carbon Emission Disclosure Perusahaan Manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 28, 613–640. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v28.i01.p24
Digdowiseiso, K., Subiyanto, B., & Setioningsih, R. (2022). What Drives Environmental Disclosure? Evidence From Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(4), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13170
Florencia, V., & Handoko, J. (2021). Uji Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Media Exposure Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon dengan Pemoderasi. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 9(3), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.17509 /JRAK.V9I3.32412
Hapsari, C. A., & Prasetyo, A. B. (2020). Analyze Factors That Affect Carbon Emission Disclosure (Case Study In Non-Financial Firms Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange In 2014-2016). Accounting Analysis Journal, 9(2), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v9i2.38262
Hapsari, D. P., Umdiana, N., Kodriyah, & Mahardini, N. Y. (2021). Carbon Emission Disclosure: Testing The Influencing Factors. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC), 2(5), 1124–1131. https://doi.org/10.51601/IJERSC.V2I5.174
Hermawan, A., Aisyah, I. S., Gunardi, A., & Putri, W. Y. (2018). Going green: Determinants of carbon emission disclosure in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(1), 55–61.
IMF. (2022). Greenhouse Emissions Rise to Record, Erasing Drop During Pandemic. Diakses pada 20 Januari 2024, dari https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Artic les/2022/06/30/greenhouse-emissions-rise-to-record-erasing-drop-during-pandemic
Jannah, A. N. K., & Narsa, I. M. (2021). Factors That Can Be Predictors of Carbon Emissions Disclosure. Jurnal Akuntansi, 25(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10. 24912/ja.v25i1.725
Kholmi, M., Karsono, A. D. S., & Syam, D. (2020). Environmental Performance, Company Size, Profitability, and Carbon Emission Disclosure. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 10(2), 349. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak. v10i2.11811
Kiswanto, Widhiastuti, R., & Safitri, M. A. (2023). Institutional Ownership in Encouraging Carbon Emission Disclosure for Mining Companies, Basic Industries and Chemicals in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(3), 632–644. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.3(67).03
Krisnawanto, K., & Solikhah, B. (2019). Accounting Analysis Journal The Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure Moderated by Institutional Ownership. Accounting Analysis Journal, 8(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10. 15294/aaj.v8i2.32347
Kusumaputri, N. S., & Mimba, N. P. S. H. (2021). Ukuran Perusahaan, Good Corporate Governance, Eco-Control dan Luas Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibilty. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(7), 1798–1812. https://doi.org/ 10.24843/EJA.2021.v31.i07.p15
Lei, L. (Gillian), Li, Y., & Luo, Y. (2019). Production and dissemination of corporate information in social media: A review. Journal of Accounting Literature, 42(May 2018), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acclit.2019.02.002
Loru, T. S. (2023). Pengaruh Tipe Industri, Media Exposure dan Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 16(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.30813/jab.v16i1.3838
Majid, J. A., Adam, N. C., Rahim, N. A., & Razak, R. (2023). CEO Power, Regulatory Pressures, and Carbon Emissions: An Emerging Market Perspective. Cogent Business and Management, 10(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975. 2023.2276555
Muhammad, G. I., & Aryani, Y. A. (2021). The Impact of Carbon Disclosure on Firm Value with Foreign Ownership as A Moderating Variable. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24815/JDAB. V8I1.17011
Mujiani, S., Juardi, J., & Fauziah, F. (2019). Determinan Carbon Emission Disclosure pada Perusahaan Bumn yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi, 5(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.34204/jiafe.v5i1.1542
Nasih, M., Harymawan, I., Paramitasari, Y. I., & Handayani, A. (2019). Carbon Emissions, Firm Size, and Corporate Governance Structure: Evidence From the Mining and Agricultural Industries in Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092483
Pramuditya, I. D. G. N. E. C., & Budiasih, I. G. A. N. (2020). Dampak Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance pada Carbon Emission Disclosure. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(12), 3052–3065. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i12.p05
Pratiwi, L., Maharani, B., & Sayekti, Y. (2021). Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure: An Empirical Study on Indonesian Manufacturing Companies. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 11(2), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.14414/ tiar.v11i2.2411
Putri, S. K., & Arieftiara, D. (2023). Carbon emission disclosure, media exposure, carbon performance, and firm characteristics: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 12(3), 335–344. https://doi.org/10.20525/IJRBS.V12I3.2564
Ratmono, D., Darsono, D., & Selviana, S. (2021). Effect of Carbon Performance, Company Characteristics and Environmental Performance on Carbon Emission Disclosure: Evidence From Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(1), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10456
Riantono, I. E., & Sunarto, F. W. (2022). Factor Affecting Intentions of Indonesian Companies to Disclose Carbon Emission. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(3), 451–459. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12954
Saptiwi, N. W. T. (2019). Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon: Menguji Peranan Tipe Industri, Kinerja Lingkungan, Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Komite Audit. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 17(2), 227. https://doi.org/10.24167/jab.v17i2.2343
Setiany, E., Hidayah, N., Zamzami, A. H., & Ahmad, Z. (2022). Government Ownership, Media Exposure and Firm Characteristics on Carbon Emission Disclosure: The Case of Indonesia Manufacturing Industry. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 11(2), 193–203
Shao, J., & He, Z. (2022). How Does Social Media Drive Corporate Carbon Disclosure? Evidence From China. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10(August), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.971077
Utami, M. D. (2022). Factors Influencing The Carbon Emissions Disclosure In Basic and Chemical Industrial Companies Listed on The IDX In 2016-2019. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(9), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2219
Wibowo, R., Saring, S., Yunia, A., & Tri, J. P. (2022). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan Carbon-Intensive Industry. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 6(2), 3583–3599.
Yusuf, M. (2021). Determinan Carbon Emission Disclosure Di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing, 17(1), 131–157. https://doi.org/10.14710/jaa. 17.1.131-157
Published
2024-11-19
How to Cite
PISTRIKAYANI, Ni Komang; WIRAWATI, Ni Gusti Putu.
Associations Between Government Ownership, Leverage, Media Exposure, Environmental Performance, and Carbon Emission.
E-Jurnal Akuntansi, [S.l.], v. 35, n. 3, nov. 2024.
ISSN 2302-8556.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/akuntansi/article/view/115167>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2025.
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