Protection of Migrant Workers in Suriname: How do Indonesian Representatives Implement International Labour Organization Conventions?
Abstract
In June 2020, sixteen Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) who worked as fishing boat crew in a Surinamese company fled to the Indonesian Embassy in Paramaribo, Suriname to acquire protection and assistance. They revealed that the company had failed to uphold their rights, committed inhuman treatment, and resulted in numerous losses. The embassy then immediately exercised a consular function to protect their safety and tried to facilitate the demands of those sailors to relevant parties and local authorities. The article aims to analyze the role of Indonesian representatives to protect the rights of Indonesian migrant workers in Suriname based on the International Labour (ILO) conventions. It is juridical empirical research that was conducted through visiting and field research to the Indonesian Embassy in Suriname in November 2020. The research suggested that Indonesian representatives in Suriname have played a significant role in advocating the IMW rights through all possible means, including mediation, negotiation, and diplomatic channels. In addition, there is a need to create a Memorandum of Understanding between Indonesia and Suriname to ensuring proper protection for migrant workers.
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References
Book
Soekanto, Soerjono. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press, 1984
Journal Article
Armstrong, Chris. “Abuse, Exploitation, and Floating Jurisdiction: Protecting Workers at Sea*, the Journal of Political Philosophy 0 No. 0 (2020): 1-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12238
Banu, Lukas. “Implementasi Hukum Pasal 35 UU No. 39 Tahun 2004 dalam Program Recognized Seasonal Employment”, Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 7, No. 1 (2018): 92
Koesrianti. “Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Migran PLRT Di Luar Negeri Oleh Negara Ditinjau Dari Konsep Tanggung Jawab Negara”, Yustitia 4, No. 2 (2015): 249. doi: http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/96185
Marschke, Melissa, et al.” COVID-19, instability and migrant fish workers in Asia.“ Maritime Studies 20, (2021):87-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00205-y
Ratihtiari, Titah A.A. and I Wayan Parsa, "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia Di Luar Negeri". Kertha Semaya 7, No. 7 (2019) doi: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/50129/29846
Sulistiyono, Tri, et. al. “Indonesian Manpower Agency’s Responsibility In Fisheries Sector For The Protection Of Indonesian Migrant Workers In Taiwan”, International Journal of Business, Economics and Law 23, No. 1 (2020): 144-150.
Valensy, Cici. “Peran International Labor Organization (ILO) Dalam Melindungi Buruh Migran Indonesia di Arab Saudi Tahun 2012-2016”, Jurnal Online Mahasiswa FISIP 4 No. 2, (2017): 5-7. doi: https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/16335/15800
Wahyudi, Tri Denny. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Di Luar Negeri”, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, (2015): 170-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.30996/mk.v0i0.2118
Wijayanti, Henni and Arovah Windiani. “Legal Protection and Advocacy for Indonesian Migrant Workers”, Jurnal Universitas Muhammadiyah 1, No. 1 (2017): 1005. doi: https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/IMC/article/view/1300/1171
Legal Documents
Indonesia, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia, Law No.18 of 2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers.
Indonesia, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation
Indonesia, Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs Regulation No.2 of 2017 concerning Requirements and Mechanisms Human Rights Certification for Fisheries
Indonesia, Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs Regulation No.42 of 2016 concerning Marine Work Agreements for Fishing Boat Crew
Suriname, Constitution of the Republic of Suriname; Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 1987 No. 166
Suriname, Surinams Burgerlijk Wetboek
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families
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International Labour Organization, Seafarers' Identity Document Convention 1958, No. 108
International Labour Organization, Protection of Wages Convention 1949, No. 95
International Labour Organization, Forced Labor (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation 2014
International Labour Organization, Work in Fishing Convention 2007, No. 188
International Labour Organization, Abolition of Forced Labor Convention No. 105
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963
Vienna Convention on The Law of Treaties 1969
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Other Document
Organisation for Migration, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and Coventry University (2016) Report on Human Trafficking, Forced Labour and Fisheries Crime in the Indonesian Fishing Industry. Jakarta, Indonesia
International Organisation for Migration, World Migration Report 2020, Geneva, 2019.
Interview
Supit, Michael Bastian. Head of Protocol & Consular, Indonesia Embassy in Paramaribo-Suriname. “Protection of Migrant Workers in Suriname: How do Indonesian Representatives Implement ILO Conventions?” Interview by Lutecia Wibisono, Suriname, December 18, 2020.
Website Content
International Labour Organization, Normlex, Ratifications of P029 - Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:3174672:NO accessed on 29 June 2021.
Kompas News Web, “Eksploitasi Pekerja di Sektor Perikanan Bukan Hal Baru di Indonesia”. https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/05/10/193000323/eksploitasi-pekerja-di-sektor-perikanan-bukan-hal-baru-di-indonesia.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “ Status Of Ratification Interactive Dashboard,” International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, https://indicators.ohchr.org/
International Labour Organization, “ILO Global” http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Publications/lang--en/contLang--id/docName WCMS_098256 / index.htm
International Labour Organization, “Labour Migration”, https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/lang--en/index.htm
International Labour Organization, “What We Do” http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Publications/lang--en/contLang--id/docName WCMS_098256 /index.htm
International Labour Organization, Normlex, Ratification by Country, “Ratifications for Indonesia”, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:102938
International Labour Organization, Normlex, Ratification by Country, “Ratifications for Suriname”. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:103287
The SBMI Official Web, “ILO Conventions That Have Been Ratified by The Government of Indonesia” http://sbmi.or.id/2018/05/konvensi-ilo-yang-telah-diratifikasi-oleh-pemerinah-indonesia/
UNHCR Web, “Business and Human Rights: Enhancing Accountability and Access to Remedy”. The most recent CEACR comments on implementation of C029 by the United Kingdom notes that this has been done as part of a series of measures to implement the EU Directive on Human Trafficking. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/DomesticLawRemedies/PreliminaryILOtreaties.pdf
Soekanto, Soerjono. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press, 1984
Journal Article
Armstrong, Chris. “Abuse, Exploitation, and Floating Jurisdiction: Protecting Workers at Sea*, the Journal of Political Philosophy 0 No. 0 (2020): 1-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12238
Banu, Lukas. “Implementasi Hukum Pasal 35 UU No. 39 Tahun 2004 dalam Program Recognized Seasonal Employment”, Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 7, No. 1 (2018): 92
Koesrianti. “Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Migran PLRT Di Luar Negeri Oleh Negara Ditinjau Dari Konsep Tanggung Jawab Negara”, Yustitia 4, No. 2 (2015): 249. doi: http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/96185
Marschke, Melissa, et al.” COVID-19, instability and migrant fish workers in Asia.“ Maritime Studies 20, (2021):87-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00205-y
Ratihtiari, Titah A.A. and I Wayan Parsa, "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia Di Luar Negeri". Kertha Semaya 7, No. 7 (2019) doi: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/50129/29846
Sulistiyono, Tri, et. al. “Indonesian Manpower Agency’s Responsibility In Fisheries Sector For The Protection Of Indonesian Migrant Workers In Taiwan”, International Journal of Business, Economics and Law 23, No. 1 (2020): 144-150.
Valensy, Cici. “Peran International Labor Organization (ILO) Dalam Melindungi Buruh Migran Indonesia di Arab Saudi Tahun 2012-2016”, Jurnal Online Mahasiswa FISIP 4 No. 2, (2017): 5-7. doi: https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/16335/15800
Wahyudi, Tri Denny. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Di Luar Negeri”, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, (2015): 170-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.30996/mk.v0i0.2118
Wijayanti, Henni and Arovah Windiani. “Legal Protection and Advocacy for Indonesian Migrant Workers”, Jurnal Universitas Muhammadiyah 1, No. 1 (2017): 1005. doi: https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/IMC/article/view/1300/1171
Legal Documents
Indonesia, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia, Law No.18 of 2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers.
Indonesia, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation
Indonesia, Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs Regulation No.2 of 2017 concerning Requirements and Mechanisms Human Rights Certification for Fisheries
Indonesia, Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs Regulation No.42 of 2016 concerning Marine Work Agreements for Fishing Boat Crew
Suriname, Constitution of the Republic of Suriname; Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 1987 No. 166
Suriname, Surinams Burgerlijk Wetboek
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families
International Labour Organization, Forced Labor Convention 1930, No. 29
International Labour Organization, Seafarers' Identity Document Convention 1958, No. 108
International Labour Organization, Protection of Wages Convention 1949, No. 95
International Labour Organization, Forced Labor (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation 2014
International Labour Organization, Work in Fishing Convention 2007, No. 188
International Labour Organization, Abolition of Forced Labor Convention No. 105
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963
Vienna Convention on The Law of Treaties 1969
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Other Document
Organisation for Migration, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and Coventry University (2016) Report on Human Trafficking, Forced Labour and Fisheries Crime in the Indonesian Fishing Industry. Jakarta, Indonesia
International Organisation for Migration, World Migration Report 2020, Geneva, 2019.
Interview
Supit, Michael Bastian. Head of Protocol & Consular, Indonesia Embassy in Paramaribo-Suriname. “Protection of Migrant Workers in Suriname: How do Indonesian Representatives Implement ILO Conventions?” Interview by Lutecia Wibisono, Suriname, December 18, 2020.
Website Content
International Labour Organization, Normlex, Ratifications of P029 - Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:3174672:NO accessed on 29 June 2021.
Kompas News Web, “Eksploitasi Pekerja di Sektor Perikanan Bukan Hal Baru di Indonesia”. https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/05/10/193000323/eksploitasi-pekerja-di-sektor-perikanan-bukan-hal-baru-di-indonesia.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “ Status Of Ratification Interactive Dashboard,” International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, https://indicators.ohchr.org/
International Labour Organization, “ILO Global” http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Publications/lang--en/contLang--id/docName WCMS_098256 / index.htm
International Labour Organization, “Labour Migration”, https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/lang--en/index.htm
International Labour Organization, “What We Do” http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Publications/lang--en/contLang--id/docName WCMS_098256 /index.htm
International Labour Organization, Normlex, Ratification by Country, “Ratifications for Indonesia”, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:102938
International Labour Organization, Normlex, Ratification by Country, “Ratifications for Suriname”. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:103287
The SBMI Official Web, “ILO Conventions That Have Been Ratified by The Government of Indonesia” http://sbmi.or.id/2018/05/konvensi-ilo-yang-telah-diratifikasi-oleh-pemerinah-indonesia/
UNHCR Web, “Business and Human Rights: Enhancing Accountability and Access to Remedy”. The most recent CEACR comments on implementation of C029 by the United Kingdom notes that this has been done as part of a series of measures to implement the EU Directive on Human Trafficking. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/DomesticLawRemedies/PreliminaryILOtreaties.pdf
Published
2021-07-31
How to Cite
MAHARANI WIBISONO, Lutecia Zahra; SADIAWATI, Diani.
Protection of Migrant Workers in Suriname: How do Indonesian Representatives Implement International Labour Organization Conventions?.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 138-152, july 2021.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/69638>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2021.v05.i02.p03.
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