ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AS A COUNTER HEGEMONY TO NEOLIBERALISM
EXPERIENCES IN TWO COUNTRIES
Abstract
Latin America has an interesting economic development dynamic. As an effort to get out from western imperialism, these countries are aggressively implementing an alternative economic system called Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). However, this system did not last long and led to a crisis so that countries in Latin America inevitably adopted neoliberal economics. However, neoliberal development has created inequality between the people and few elites. In such a situation, many countries in Latin America are trying to formulate alternative development recipes in order to get out of economic neoliberalism which has a negative impact on their social and political order. This paper will try to analyze development alternatives in Latin America using the counter hegemony concept developed by Antonio Gramsci. As a case study, this paper takes two examples of Latin American countries that are seeking development alternatives, namely Brazil and Venezuela. Even though they are both against the hegemony of neoliberal development, each of them has different patterns, where Brazil is more compromising, while Venezuela is more radically revolutionary. This difference also causes the success or failure of alternative development in each of these countries.
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References
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Veltmeyer, H. (2018). The social economy in Latin America as alternative development. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 39(1), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1294052
Watters, R. (2021). Rural Latin America in Transition: Development and Change in Mexico and Venezuela. Palgrave Macmillan.
Winarno, B. (2013). Development Ethics. CAPS.
Ystanes, M. (2018). The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America. In The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61536-3
Briceño-león, R. (2006). Artigo Article a violência na Venezuela : renda petroleira e crise política Violence in Venezuela : oil rent and political crisis. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 11((2)), 2006.
Bruce, I. (2004). The Porto Alegre Alternative: Direct Democracy in Action. Pluto P Press. https://medium.com/@arifwicaksanaa/pengertian-use-case-a7e576e1b6bf
Bruce, I. (2008). The Real Venezuela Making Socialism in the Twenty-first Century. Pluto Press.
Carrillo, P. E. (2016). How Today's Crisis in Venezuela was Created by Hugo Chavez's Revolutionary Plan. http://theconversation.com/how-todays-crisis-in-%0Avenezuela-was-created-by-hugo-chavezs-revolutionary-plan-61474
Chaves, M. (2019). Living and Working in Poverty in Latin America. Palgrave Mcmillan
Cordeiro, A. P. (2004). Porto Alegre: The City Budge. In The Porto Alegre Alternative: Direct Democracy in Action (pp. 63–99). Pluto Press.
Corrales, J., & Penfold, M. (2011). Dragon in the Tropics. In Hugo Chavez and the Political Economy of Revolution in Venezuela.http://books.google.com/books?id=pxgkx1rRkJQC&pg=PA198&dq=intitle:Dragon+in+the+Tropics&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api%5Cnpapers3://publication/doi/10.7464/j.ctt127w6g
Fadri, Z. (2020). Alternative Community Development Democratic Particiatory Model. Alfuad: Journal of Social Religion, 4(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.31958/jsk.v4i2.2437
FocusEconomics. (2024, January 9). Brazil GDP. Retrieved January 9, 2024, from FocusEconomics: https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/brazil/gdp/
Harvey, D. (2009). Neoliberalism and the Restoration of the Capitalist Class (Terj). Resist.
Harvey, D. (2012). Rebel Cities: From Right to the City to the Urban Revolution. Verso.
Hellinger, D., & Spanakos, A. P. (2017). The Legacy of Hugo Chávez. Latin American Perspectives, 44(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X16647082
Hickel, J. (2018). The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions. Windmill Books.
Humberto Campodónico, G. C. and S. T., &; Vázquez. (2017). Alternative Development Narratives, Policies and Outcomes in the Andean Region. In H. C. and S. T. V. Gilles Carbonnier (Ed.), Alternative Pathways to Sustainable Development: Lessons from Latin America (pp. 3–15). Brill. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1163/j.ctt1w76w3t.8.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A16d0e654d68e43cde0852c820cdee8c7&ab_segments=&origin=&initiator=&acceptTC=1
Im, B. H. (1991). Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony in Gramsci. Asian Perspective, 15(1), 123–156. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42705295
Lara, R. A. D. B. and J. B. (2007). Imperialism, Neoliberalism and Social Struggles in Latin America. Brill.
Levine, D. H. (2002, April). The Decline and Fall of Democracy in Venezuela: Ten Theses. Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 21, No. 2, 248-269. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3339455
Maya, M. L. (2013). Venezuela: The Political Crisis of Post-Chavismo. Social Justice, Vol. 40, No. 4 (134), Special Issue: Latin America Revisited, 68-87. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24361611
Merli, P. (2010). Antonio Gramsci, Prison notebooks. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 16(1), 53–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630902971603
Nelson, B. A. (2012). The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chavez and the Making of Modern Venezuela. Nation Books.
Panizza, F. E. (2005). The Social Democratisation of the Latin American Left. Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 95-103. doi:10.18352/erlacs.9665
Petras, H. V. J. (2011). Resistance, Social Movements in Latin America: Neoliberalism and Popular. Pagrave Mcmillan.
Roberts, K. M. (2008). Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America? NUEVA SOCIEDAD NRO. 217. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429040504-4
Sader, E. (2007). Brazil's Workers Party in Power. In R. A. Lara, Imperialism, Neoliberalism and Social (pp. 195-220). Leiden and Boston: Brilll.
Sankey, K. (2016). Rethinking Development in Latin America : The Search for Alternative Paths in the Twenty-first Century. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(4), 334–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X16670296
Statista. (2023, November 3). Income distribution inequality based on Gini coefficient in Brazil between 2010 and 2021. Retrieved January 2024, from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/981226/income-distribution-gini-coefficient-brazil/
Strønen, I. Å. (2022). Venezuela's oil spectre: Contextualizing and historicizing the Bolivarian attempt to sow the oil. History and Anthropology, 33(4), 472–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2020.1762588
The World Bank. (2023, October 9). Brazil Overview. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from The World Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview
Timms, J. (2012). Chronology of Global Civil Society Events – A Yearbook Retrospective . In M. Kaldor, H. L., Moore, &; S. Selchow, Global Civil Society 2012 Ten Years of Critical Reflection (pp. 204-217). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
TMF Group. (2023, May 08). Top 10 challenges of doing business in Brazil in 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2024, from TMF Group: https://www.tmf-group.com/en/news-insights/articles/doing-business-in/brazil/
U.S. Department of State. (2021, January). Venezuela: A Democratic Crisis. Retrieved January 2024, from U.S. Departement of State: https://2017-2021.state.gov/a-democratic-crisis-in-venezuela/
UNODC. (2023, April 26). UNODC Brazil proposes sustainable development to fight drugs in vulnerable communities. Retrieved January 9, 2024, from UNODC: https://www.unodc.org/lpo-brazil/en/frontpage/2023/04/unodc-brazil-proposes-sustainable-development-to-fight-drugs-in-vulnerable-communities.html
Veltmeyer, H. (2018). The social economy in Latin America as alternative development. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 39(1), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1294052
Watters, R. (2021). Rural Latin America in Transition: Development and Change in Mexico and Venezuela. Palgrave Macmillan.
Winarno, B. (2013). Development Ethics. CAPS.
Ystanes, M. (2018). The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America. In The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61536-3
Published
2024-07-16
How to Cite
SETIYANINGSIH, Dewi; WINDIANI, Reni; HASIBUAN, Eka Maria.
ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AS A COUNTER HEGEMONY TO NEOLIBERALISM.
Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Sosiopolitika, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 1-13, july 2024.
ISSN 2685-4570.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/widya/article/view/113432>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JIWSP.2024.v06.i01.p01.
Section
Articles
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Diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Udayana
