EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON THE BLOOD PROFILE OF MALE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) INDUCED BY SODIUM NITRITE (NaNO2)
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a chemical compound that is often used in food industry. NaNO2 widely used for food preservatives, mainly in processed meat products. However, NaNO2 could cause anemia by interfering with the process of transporting oxygen in the blood. The effects caused by NaNO2 could be repaired with the use of vitamin C. This study was aimed to determine the effect of vitamin C on the blood profile of rats induced by NaNO2, and the effective dose to improve the blood profile of rats. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 groups, namely K- (Aquades); K+ (NaNO2 37,5mg/kgBW); C1 (NaNO2 37,5 mg/kgBW + vitamin C 1,8 mg/animal/day); C2 (NaNO2 37,5 mg/kgBW + vitamin C 3,6 mg/animal/day). The samples used in each treatment group were 6 rats, therefore the total sample used was 24 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar. NaNO2 and vitamin C solutions were administered orally by the gavage method. NaNO2 solution was given until 35th day, then vitamin C solution was given on 22nd to 35th day. Blood samples were taken three times, the day before the administration of NaNO2, on the 21st day, and on the 36th day, further analysis of blood used a haematology analyzer and blood smears preparations Giemsa staining. Data were statistical analyzed by ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that Vitamin C can improve the blood profile, with the most effective dose of vitamin C is 1,8 mg/animal/day.
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References
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Gluhchevaa, Y., I. Ivanovb, E. Petrovaa, E. Pavlovaa, and I. Vladovaa. 2012. Sodium Nitrite-Induced Hematological and Hemorheological Changes in Rats. Series on Biomechanic. 27: 53-58.
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Muslim, Z., A. Prasetyo, dan S. S. Wahyudi. 2019. Pengaruh Vitamin C terhadap Fragilitas Osmotik Eritrosit pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Jember yang Mengalami Stres Psikologis (Effect of Vitamin C on Osmotic Fragility of Erythrocytes in Medical Students of Jember University with Psychological Stress). Pustaka Kesehatan. 7(1): 14-19.
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Paunović, M. G., B. I. Ognjanović, M. M. Matić, A. S. Štajn, and Z. S. Saičić. 2016. Protective Effects of Quercetin and Vitamin C Against Nicotine-Induced Toxicity In The Blood of Wistar Rats. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 67(4): 304-310.
Purnomo, D., S. Sugiharto, dan I. Isroli. 2015. Total leukosit dan Diferensial Leukosit Darah Ayam Broiler Akibat Penggunaan Tepung Onggok Fermentasi Rhizopus oryzae pada Ransum. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science). 25(3): 59-68.
Qasim, H. O. 2020. The Antagonism Effect of Sodium Nitrate by Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) On Neurobehavioral Of Mice. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 34(2): 241-245.
Sari, H. P., E. Dardjito, dan D. Anandari. 2016. Anemia Gizi Besi di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 8(1): 16-31.
Septiyan, F. S., I. B. K. Ardana, dan A. A. S. Kendran. 2019. Pemberian Susu Afkir dalam Pakan terhadap Total dan Diferensial Leukosit pada Anak Babi Crossbreed Jantan Lepas Sapih. Indonesian Medicus Veterninus. 8(6): 774-782.
Setyawati, A. 2016. Potensi Tepung Tempe Terhadap Persentase Sel Darah Putih Diferensial Limfosit dan Monosit (Study Pada Tikus Sprague Dawley Betina yang Diinduksi DMBA Sebagai Karsinogenik Kanker Payudara). Skripsi. Fakultas Keperwatan dan Kesehatan Universitas Muhamadiyah Semarang. Semarang.
Soma I. G., I.N. Wandalia, I. G. Putra, dan R. Silta R. 2013. Profil Darah Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Liar Di Habitat Alami. Jurnal Ilmu dan Kesehatan Hewan. 1(1): 22-28.
Sultana, T., M. V. DeVita, and M. F. Michelis. 2016. Oral Vitamin C Supplementation Reduces Erythropoietin Requirement in Hemodialysis Patients With Functional Iron Deficiency. International Urology And Nephrology. 48(9): 1519-1524.
Suparmi, S., S. Sampurna, N. Anna, A. M. Ednisari, G. D. Urfani, I. Laila, and H. R. Saintika. 2016. Anti-Anemia Effect of Chlorophyll from Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) Leaves on Female Mice Induced Sodium Nitrite. Pharmacognosy Journal. 8(4): 375-379.
Suriansyah, I. B. K. Ardana, M.S. Anthara, dan L. D. Anggreni. 2016. Leukosit Ayam Pedaging Setelah Diberikan Paracetamol. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus. 5(2): 165-174.
Susanti, G. 2017. Efek Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Topikal Terhadap Jumlah PMN Neutrofil Pada Tikus Jantan Sprague Dawley. J. Kesehatan. 8(3): 351-357.
Suudah E. N., C. S. Yusriana, dan T. N. Dewi. 2015. Uji Efektivitas Ketepatan Waktu Pemberian Kombinasi Natrium Tiosulfat dan Natrium Ni¬trit Sebagai Antidotum Ketoksikan Akut Kali¬um Sianida Pada Mencit (Mus musculus). Jurnal Permata Indonesia. 6(1): 21-28.
Tangkas, P. J. W., I. N. Suarsana, dan I. W. Gunawan. 2021. Profil Hematologi Tikus Putih yang Diberi Latihan Intensif dan Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok. Buletin Veteriner Udayana. 13(2): 206-216.
van Gerven, C., K. Eid, T. Krüger, M. Fell, D. Kendoff, M. Friedrich, and C. N. Kraft. 2021. Serum C-Reactive Protein and WBC Count in Conservatively and Operatively Managed Bacterial Spondylodiscitis. J. Orthop Surg. 29(1): 1-8.
Widyastuti, D. A. 2013. Profil Darah Tikus Putih Wistar pada Kondisi Subkronis Pemberian Natrium Nitrit. Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 31(2): 201-215.
Zhou, L., M. Zahid, M. M. Anwar, K. L. Pennington, S. M. Cohen, and J. L. Wisecarver. 2016. Suggestive Evidence for the Induction of Colonic Aberrant Crypts in Mice Fed Sodium Nitrite. Nutr Cancer. 68: 105-112.
Aiba, S., W. Manalu, A. Suprayogi, dan H. Maheshwari. 2016. Gambaran Nilai Hematologi Tikus Putih Betina Dara pada Pemberian Tombong Kelapa. Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana. 4(2): 74-81.
Ambarwati, R. 2012. Effect of Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) to Erithrocyte and Hemoglobin Profile in White Rat (Rattus norvegicus). Folia Medica Indonesiana. 8(1): 1-5.
Ansari, F. A., S. N. Ali, H. Arif, and A. A. Khan. 2017. Acute Oral Dose of Sodium Nitrite Induces Redox Imbalance, DNA Damage, Metabolic and Histological Changes in Rat Intestine. PLoS ONE. 12(4): 1-22.
Ariami, P., H. Suliastiningsih, dan Diarti, M. W. 2018. Profil Leukosit Tikus Putih yang Diberi Air Seduhan Kelopak Bunga Rosela Merah (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Jurnal Kesehatan Prima. 9(2): 1534-1545.
Badar, A., A. O. Bamosa, M. Salahuddin, and Meheithif, A. A. 2019. Effect of Zamzam Water On Blood Methemoglobin Level In Young Rats. Journal of family & community medicine. 26(1): 30.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. 2019. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 Tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan. BPOM. Jakarta.
Bozonet, S. M., A. C. Carr, J. M. Pullar, and M. Vissers. 2015. Enhanced Human Neutrophil Vitamin C Status, Chemotaxis and Oxidant Generation Following Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin C-Rich Sungold Kiwifruit. Nutrients. 7(4): 2574-2588.
Fouad, S. S., M. M. Mohi-Eldin., M. A. Haridy and A. M., Khalil. 2017. Ameliorative Effects of Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C) Against Sodium Nitrite Toxicity in Albino Rats: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Studies. American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 9(1): 1-6.
Gluhchevaa, Y., I. Ivanovb, E. Petrovaa, E. Pavlovaa, and I. Vladovaa. 2012. Sodium Nitrite-Induced Hematological and Hemorheological Changes in Rats. Series on Biomechanic. 27: 53-58.
Gui, G., S. Meng, L. Li, B. Liu, H. Liang, and C. Huangfu. 2016. Sodium Nitrite Enhanced The Potentials of Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells Through Induction of Mitophagy. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 51: 59-67.
Hassan, S. M., N. F. Zaglool, and S. A. El-shamy. 2018. Comparative Studies on Turmeric and Vitamin C on Sodium Nitrite treated Rats. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences. 56(1): 56-68.
Ihedioha, J. I., J. I. Ugwuja, O. A. Noel-Uneke, I. J. Udeani and G. Daniel-Igwe. 2012. Reference Values for the Haematology Profile of Conventional Grade Outbred Albino Mice (Mus musculus) in Nsuka, Eastern Nigeria. ARI. 9(2): 1601-1612.
Laurence, D. R. and A. L. Bacharach. 1964. Evaluation of Drug Activities: Pharmacometrics. Academic Press. London.
Lin C. Y., W. C. Hsiao, C.J. Huang, C. F. Kao, and G. S. Hsu. 2013. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction by The ROS–JNK Pathway Plays A Role in Aluminum-Induced Anemia. Journal Inorg Biochem. 1(128): 221-8.
Lindstrom, N. M., D. M. Moore, K., Zimmerman, and S. A. Smith. 2015. Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification. Clinics in laboratory Medicine. 355(3): 629-640.
Maulidiyah, S. 2018. Pengaruh Ekstrak Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) dan Vitamin C terhadap Kadar Katalase Tikus yang Diberikan MSG (Monosodium Glutamat). Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah. Jakarta.
Mitmesser, S. H., Q. Ye, M. Evans, and M. Combs. 2016. Determination of Plasma and Leukocyte Vitamin C Concentrations in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial With Ester-C®. SpringerPlus. 5(1): 1-11.
Muslim, Z., A. Prasetyo, dan S. S. Wahyudi. 2019. Pengaruh Vitamin C terhadap Fragilitas Osmotik Eritrosit pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Jember yang Mengalami Stres Psikologis (Effect of Vitamin C on Osmotic Fragility of Erythrocytes in Medical Students of Jember University with Psychological Stress). Pustaka Kesehatan. 7(1): 14-19.
Nugroho, E. J. 2014. Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Nilai Limfosit Pada Pasien Tuberculose Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kradenan Kabupaten Grobogan. Disertasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Surakarta.
Paunović, M. G., B. I. Ognjanović, M. M. Matić, A. S. Štajn, and Z. S. Saičić. 2016. Protective Effects of Quercetin and Vitamin C Against Nicotine-Induced Toxicity In The Blood of Wistar Rats. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 67(4): 304-310.
Purnomo, D., S. Sugiharto, dan I. Isroli. 2015. Total leukosit dan Diferensial Leukosit Darah Ayam Broiler Akibat Penggunaan Tepung Onggok Fermentasi Rhizopus oryzae pada Ransum. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science). 25(3): 59-68.
Qasim, H. O. 2020. The Antagonism Effect of Sodium Nitrate by Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) On Neurobehavioral Of Mice. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 34(2): 241-245.
Sari, H. P., E. Dardjito, dan D. Anandari. 2016. Anemia Gizi Besi di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 8(1): 16-31.
Septiyan, F. S., I. B. K. Ardana, dan A. A. S. Kendran. 2019. Pemberian Susu Afkir dalam Pakan terhadap Total dan Diferensial Leukosit pada Anak Babi Crossbreed Jantan Lepas Sapih. Indonesian Medicus Veterninus. 8(6): 774-782.
Setyawati, A. 2016. Potensi Tepung Tempe Terhadap Persentase Sel Darah Putih Diferensial Limfosit dan Monosit (Study Pada Tikus Sprague Dawley Betina yang Diinduksi DMBA Sebagai Karsinogenik Kanker Payudara). Skripsi. Fakultas Keperwatan dan Kesehatan Universitas Muhamadiyah Semarang. Semarang.
Soma I. G., I.N. Wandalia, I. G. Putra, dan R. Silta R. 2013. Profil Darah Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Liar Di Habitat Alami. Jurnal Ilmu dan Kesehatan Hewan. 1(1): 22-28.
Sultana, T., M. V. DeVita, and M. F. Michelis. 2016. Oral Vitamin C Supplementation Reduces Erythropoietin Requirement in Hemodialysis Patients With Functional Iron Deficiency. International Urology And Nephrology. 48(9): 1519-1524.
Suparmi, S., S. Sampurna, N. Anna, A. M. Ednisari, G. D. Urfani, I. Laila, and H. R. Saintika. 2016. Anti-Anemia Effect of Chlorophyll from Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) Leaves on Female Mice Induced Sodium Nitrite. Pharmacognosy Journal. 8(4): 375-379.
Suriansyah, I. B. K. Ardana, M.S. Anthara, dan L. D. Anggreni. 2016. Leukosit Ayam Pedaging Setelah Diberikan Paracetamol. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus. 5(2): 165-174.
Susanti, G. 2017. Efek Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Topikal Terhadap Jumlah PMN Neutrofil Pada Tikus Jantan Sprague Dawley. J. Kesehatan. 8(3): 351-357.
Suudah E. N., C. S. Yusriana, dan T. N. Dewi. 2015. Uji Efektivitas Ketepatan Waktu Pemberian Kombinasi Natrium Tiosulfat dan Natrium Ni¬trit Sebagai Antidotum Ketoksikan Akut Kali¬um Sianida Pada Mencit (Mus musculus). Jurnal Permata Indonesia. 6(1): 21-28.
Tangkas, P. J. W., I. N. Suarsana, dan I. W. Gunawan. 2021. Profil Hematologi Tikus Putih yang Diberi Latihan Intensif dan Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok. Buletin Veteriner Udayana. 13(2): 206-216.
van Gerven, C., K. Eid, T. Krüger, M. Fell, D. Kendoff, M. Friedrich, and C. N. Kraft. 2021. Serum C-Reactive Protein and WBC Count in Conservatively and Operatively Managed Bacterial Spondylodiscitis. J. Orthop Surg. 29(1): 1-8.
Widyastuti, D. A. 2013. Profil Darah Tikus Putih Wistar pada Kondisi Subkronis Pemberian Natrium Nitrit. Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 31(2): 201-215.
Zhou, L., M. Zahid, M. M. Anwar, K. L. Pennington, S. M. Cohen, and J. L. Wisecarver. 2016. Suggestive Evidence for the Induction of Colonic Aberrant Crypts in Mice Fed Sodium Nitrite. Nutr Cancer. 68: 105-112.
Published
2022-09-02
How to Cite
KUSUMATJAHJA, Galih Anindita; NARAYANI, Inna; WIJANA, I Made Sara.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON THE BLOOD PROFILE OF MALE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) INDUCED BY SODIUM NITRITE (NaNO2).
SIMBIOSIS, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. 186-198, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2337-7224. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/82714>. Date accessed: 04 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2022.v10.i02.p06.
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