Karakteristik pasien anak dengan infeksi dengue di RSUP Sanglah tahun 2013-2014

Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah dan perhatian di dunia internasional. Mengetahui tentang karakteristik anak dengan infeksi dengue merupakan hal penting sebagai data dasar untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik anak dengan infeksi dengue di RSUP Sanglah periode 2013-2014. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif retrospektif di RSUP Sanglah, subjek penelitian merupakan penderita demam berdarah dengue dan demam dengue (DD) yang didiagnosis dan dirawat selama bulan Januari 2013-Desember 2014. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 134 subjek. Sampel perempuan dan lelaki didapat hampir sama jumlahnya (54,5% dan 45,5%), sebanyak 52,2% berusia 5-10 tahun, status gizi baik sebesar 66,4%, perdarahan spontan 24,6%, hepatomegali 27,6%, trombosit 51-100 x 109/L 65,7%, leukosit <4 x 109/L 45,5%, hemokonsentrasi 59,0%, infeksi sekunder dengue 67,2%, diagnosis DD 41,0%, DBD 59,0%, dan DSS sebesar 31,3%. Disimpulkan bahwa rasio jenis kelamin pada pasien infeksi dengue hampir sama, terbanyak pada usia 5-10 tahun, status gizi baik, dan tanpa hepatomegali. Kebanyakan pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukan leukopenia, hemokonsentrasi, dan trombositopenia. Diagnosis DBD merupakan diagnosis terbanyak.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) still become the major problem among the international medical society. Knowing the characteristic of pediatric patients with DHF is an important aspect as it will provide the basic information for the next research. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of pediatric patients with dengue infection at Sanglah hospital within period of 2013-2014. This study was a descriptive retrospective study performed at Sanglah hospital. Subjects were pediatric patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever (DF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) that diagnosed and treated from January 2013 until Desember 2014. Data analysis was performed using the descriptive statistic method. This study involved 134 subjects. Female and male subjects almost equivalent (54.5% vs 45.5%), most subjects(52.2%) were belong to 5-10 years old, good nutritional status was 66.4%, spontaneous bleeding 24.6%, hepatomegaly 27.6%, thrombocyte count 51-100 x 109/L 65.7%, leucocyte count <4 x 109/L 45.5%, hemoconcentration 59.0%, secondary dengue infection 67.2%, DF cases 41.0%, DHF cases 59.0%, and DSS cases 31.3%. The conclusion of this study were the sex ratio of dengue infection patient almost equal, mostly 5-10 years old, had good nutritional status, and without hepatomegaly. Most of laboratory results showed leucopenia, hemoconcentration, and thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis of DHF is the most common diagnosis.