PREFERENSI UKM DALAM MEMASUKI PASAR INTERNASIONAL: BAGAIMANA UKM MEMUTUSKAN?
Abstract
Globalisasi dan meningkatnya persaingan pasar internasional mendorong UKM untuk menjajaki peluang ekspor. Penelitian ini mengkaji preferensi pengusaha UKM berorientasi ekspor dalam memutuskan untuk memasuki pasar internasional, dengan fokus pada atribut-atribut utama pengambilan keputusan, kombinasinya, dan tingkat kepentingannya. Data dikumpulkan dari 35 UKM berorientasi ekspor di Kota Batu dengan menggunakan metode sampling jenuh, dan teknik analisis data yang diterapkan adalah analisis konjoin (conjoint analysis) untuk mengevaluasi atribut-atribut yang mendasari keputusan internasionalisasi UKM di kota Batu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi pasar, jaringan bisnis, kemudahan masuk pasar, dukungan pemerintah, dan platform e-commerce internasional secara signifikan memengaruhi pengambilan keputusan. Di antara semua itu, nilai preferensi tertinggi dikaitkan dengan potensi keuntungan besar, kemitraan dengan jaringan bisnis, kontrak kerja sama yang jelas, program pelatihan rutin, dan adopsi teknologi digital. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengusaha UKM memprioritaskan manfaat ekonomi dan operasional, seperti keuntungan dan kemitraan, daripada dukungan finansial atau kelembagaan. Temuan-temuan ini menggarisbawahi perlunya kebijakan yang meningkatkan kolaborasi, memberikan pelatihan berkelanjutan, dan mempromosikan adopsi teknologi untuk mendukung daya saing UKM di pasar internasional. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi untuk memahami internasionalisasi UKM dan menawarkan wawasan praktis bagi para pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi untuk memperkuat kehadiran UKM dalam perdagangan global.
Globalization and increasing international market competition encourage SMEs to explore export opportunities. This study examines the preferences of export-oriented SME entrepreneurs in deciding to enter the international market, focusing on key decision-making attributes, their combinations, and their levels of importance. Data were collected from 35 export-oriented SMEs in Batu City using the total population sampling method, and the data analysis technique applied was conjoint analysis to evaluate the attributes underlying the internationalization decisions of SMEs in Batu City. The study findings indicate that market potential, business networks, ease of market entry, government support, and international e-commerce platforms significantly influence decision-making. Among them, the highest preference values are associated with large profit potential, partnerships with business networks, clear cooperation contracts, regular training programs, and adoption of digital technology. The study concludes that SME entrepreneurs prioritize economic and operational benefits, such as profits and partnerships, over financial or institutional support. These findings underscore the need for policies that enhance collaboration, provide continuous training, and promote technology adoption to support SME competitiveness in the international market. This study contributes to understanding SME internationalization and offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners to strengthen SME presence in global trade.
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References
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