A REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, AND TOXICITY STUDY OF Averrhoa bilimbi LEAVES AND FRUIT

  • Ni Putu Eka Leliqia Department of Pharmacy, Udayana University
  • Intan Safitri Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/JPSA.2021.v03.i01.p04

Abstract

Background: Averrhoa bilimbi or starfruit is a plant that is commonly found in Indonesia. A. bilimbi is widely used as herbal therapy against various diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. Objective: This article is intended to provide information regarding the chemical content of A. bilimbi, its antibacterial potential, and its safety level. Methods: The preparation of this article used a systematic literature review method of articles that have been published in both national and international scientific journal. Result: Leave and fruit of A. bilimbi is known to contain several classes of primary and secondary metabolites, namely carbohydrates, proteins, fats, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. A. bilimbi also contains several macros and micro minerals including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn). A. bilimbi could inhibit the growth of various Gram-positive and negative bacteria which have been proven through in vitro testing with diffusion and dilution methods. Based on the acute toxicity study, it was found that 80% ethanol extract of A. bilimbi fruit had an LD50 value of above 5.000 mg/kg BW so that it is practically non-toxic. Based on sub-chronic toxicity of A. bilimbi up to a dose of 500 mg/kg BW there was no death in the test animals and shows a toxic effect. Conclusion: The leaves and fruit of A. bilimbi have antibacterial activities. The compounds contained in A. bilimbi are thought to have a role in its antibacterial activity. Based on several toxicity studies, the ethanol extract of A. bilimbi has been proven safe to use.


Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi, Starfruit, Antibacterial, Chemical Properties, Toxicity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Published
2021-06-01
How to Cite
LELIQIA, Ni Putu Eka; SAFITRI, Intan. A REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, AND TOXICITY STUDY OF Averrhoa bilimbi LEAVES AND FRUIT. Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 32-39, june 2021. ISSN 2301-7708. Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jpsa/article/view/63182>. Date accessed: 22 nov. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JPSA.2021.v03.i01.p04.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 3 No 1 (2021): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access).

 

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.