GAGAL JANTUNG

Abstract

Heart failure were the end stage of all heart disease and the cause of the increasing morbidity and
mortality among patient. Almost five percent from all inhospital patient were heart failure. Heart failure has
been defined as the failure of the heart to pump blood to systemic. It can be classify into acute, acute
decompensated and chronic heart failure. New York Heart Association, Stevenson, Forrester have made
classification based on the clinical symptoms. All cardiac problems can ended into heart failure, the
pathogenesis was very complex including renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system, neurohormonal, sympatic nerve
system, nattriuretic peptide, and others. Twelve leads ECGs, echocardiography, chest x-rays, blood chemistries,
catheterisation can help us diagnose patient with heart failure. Management of heart failure consist of
management of acute and chronic heart failure, non drugs management, drugs and even an invasive treament.