Occurrence of Hypoglycemia, Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients Using Insulin and Diuretics
(Research Conducted in Outpatient and Hospitalized Patient in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar)
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with characteristics of hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion
abnormalities, insulin work or both. DM can cause macrovascular complications such as hypertension. Administration of therapy
may lead to hypoglycemic and hypokalemia that may increase the risk of impaired brain and heart. Objective: The purpose of
this study to analyze the incidence of hypoglycemia and hypokalemia side effects in patients with diabetic hypertension using
antidiabetes and antihypertensives. Method: The study was conducted retrospectively with retrospective patient medical records
from January to December 2016. Blood and potassium blood glucose levels were measured as long as the patient was treated.
Random and potassium blood glucose levels prior to therapy were compared with after therapy using paired t-test. Result : From
the results of the study found 27 patients suffering from diabetic hypertension and get therapy. The value of changes in the
patient's random blood glucose level averaged 280.89 mg/dl to 189.15 mg/dl, which met the target of antidiabetic drug therapy,
and no patients had hypoglycemia. From 27 patients, as many as 7 people did not get antihypertensive therapy. Three patients
had hyperkalemia (serum potassium level > 5 mEq/L). The value of changes in blood potassium levels of patients averaged 4.74
mEq/L to 4.46 mEq/L, where no patients had hypokalemia. Conclusion : the occurrence of hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia were
suspected due to side effect of insulin and antihypertensive drugs.
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