The Impact of Globalization on Welfare and Gender Equality in Indonesia
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing debate about the future of globalization, with some calling for a reevaluation of its principles and practices. Issues such as income inequality, people’s welfare, and the impact on local communities have prompted discussions on how to make globalization more inclusive, sustainable, and equitable. In this study, there are three topics that will be discussed. First, this study will analyze the impact of economic globalization measured by foreign direct investment on people’s welfare and gender equality. Second, this study will analyze the impact of social globalization measured by the proportion of individuals with mobile phones and the number of foreign guests at star-rated hotels on people’s welfare and gender equality. Third, this study will analyze the impact of gender equality on people's welfare. This research used data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the period of 2015-2021, which was sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The data analysis methods employed in this research are Panel Least Squares and Panel Cross-Section Random Effects. This research discovered both positive and negative impacts of globalization. On the positive side, social globalization manifested through increased mobile phone ownership, exhibited a beneficial impact on the human development index, life expectancy, and gender equality. Gender equality also has a positive impact on human development index and life expectancy. On the negative side, foreign direct investment has failed to yield a positive impact on welfare. Furthermore, the presence of foreign tourists staying in star-rated hotels has a negative impact on life expectancy and gender equality.
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References
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Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Tourism and gender equality: An Asian perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 85, 103067.
Akhter, R., & Ward, K.B. (2015). Globalization and Gender Equality: A Critical Analysis of Women’s Empowerment in the Global Economy. Perceiving Gender Locally, Globally, and Intersectionally Advances in Gender Research, 13, 141-173.
Artner, A. (2004). Anti-Globalization Movements: The Developments in Asia. Contemporary Politics, 10(3-4), 243-255.
Asteriou, D., Dimelis, S., & Moudatsou, A. (2014). Globalization and Income Inequality: A Panel Data Econometric Approach for the EU27 Countries. Economic Modelling, 35, 592-599.
Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2016). The role of governance in mobile phones for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technovation, 55-56, 1–13.
Balasubramanian, K., Thamizoli, P., Umar, A., & Kanwar, A. (2010). Using mobile phones to promote lifelong learning among rural women in Southern India. Distance Education, 31(2), 193–209.
Carbaugh, R. J. (2011). Global Economics 13th Edition. Mason OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Chen, Z., Ge, Y., Lai, H., & Wan, C. (2013). Globalization and Gender Wage Inequality in China. World Development, 44, 256-266.
Chib, A. (2010). The Aceh Besar midwives with mobile phones project: Design and evaluation perspectives using the information and communication technologies for healthcare development model. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(3), 500-525.
Cho, S.Y. (2013). Integrating Equality: Globalization, Women’s Rights, and Human Trafficking. International Studies Quarterly, 57, 683-697.
Chomsky, N. (2011). How the World Works. London: Hamish Hamilton.
Gentry, K.M. (2007) Belizean Women and Tourism Work: Opportunity or Impediment? Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2), 477-496.
Godovykh, M., & Ridderstaat, J. (2020). Health outcomes of tourism development: A longitudinal study of the impact of tourism arrivals on residents’ health. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 17, 100462.
Gray, M. M., Kittilson, M. C., & Sandholtz, W. (2006). Women and Globalization: A Study of 180 Countries, 1975-2000. International Organization, 60(2), 293-333.
Hamad, R., Elser, H., Tran, D. C., Rehkopf, D. H., & Goodman, S. N. (2018). How and why studies disagree about the effects of education on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of compulsory schooling laws. Social Science & Medicine, 212, 168–178.
Han, J., Liu, R., & Zhang, J. (2012). Globalization and Wage Inequality: Evidence from urban China. Journal of International Economics, 87, 288-297.
Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Globalization. Global Governance, 5(4), 483-496.
Hendriks, S. (2019). The role of financial inclusion in driving women’s economic empowerment. Development in Practice, 29(8), 1029–1038.
Jackman, M. (2022). The effect of tourism on gender equality in the labour market: Help or hindrance? Women’s Studies International Forum, 90(4), 102554.
Jeffreys, S. (1999) Globalizing sexual exploitation: sex tourism and the traffic in women. Leisure Studies, 18(3), 179-196.
Kaukab, M.E., & Surwandono, S. (2021). Convergence of Human Development Index: Case study of foreign direct investment in ASEAN, Business: Theory and Practice, 22(1), 12-17.
Khan, N. H., Ju, Y., & Hassan, S. T. (2019). Investigating the determinants of human development index in Pakistan: an empirical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(19), 19294–19304.
Kim, H.-S., Lee, K.-H., Kim, H., & Kim, J. H. (2014). Using mobile phones in healthcare management for the elderly. Maturitas, 79(4), 381–388.
Kolip, P., & Lange, C. (2018). Gender inequality and the gender gap in life expectancy in the European Union. European Journal of Public Health.
Luo, Y., Guo, F., & Li, R. (2021). Gender equality and expansion of higher education: Testing effectively maintained inequality theory against the case of China. International Journal of Educational Research, 110, 101855.
Maertens, M., Colen, L., & Swinnen, J. F. (2011). Globalisation and Poverty in Senegal: a Worst Case Scenario? European Review of Argicultural Economics, 38(1), 31-54.
Mitra, A., Bang, J. T., & Biswas, A. (2014). Gender Equality and Economic Growth: Is it Equality of Opportunity or Equality of Outcomes? Feminist Economics, 21(1), 110–135.
Mukherjee, N., & Krieckhaus, J. (2012). Globalization and Human Well-Being. International Political Science Review, 33(2), 150-170.
Nath, V. (2001). Empowerment and Governance through Information and Communication Technologies: Women’s Perspective. International Information & Library Review, 33(4), 317–339.
Neumayer, E., & De Soysa, I. (2011). Globalization and the Empowerment of Women: An Analysis of Spatial Dependence via Trade and Foreign Direct Investment. World Development, 39(7), 1065-1075.
Oyvat, C. (2011). Globalization, Wage Shares and Income Distribution in Turkey. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 4, 123-138.
Reiter, S.L., & Steensma, H.K. (2010). Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: The Influence of FDI Policy and Corruption. World Development. 28(12), 1678-1691.
Sink, A., & Mastro, D. (2016). Depictions of Gender on Primetime Television: A Quantitative Content Analysis. Mass Communication and Society, 20(1), 3–22.
Shannon, G., Jansen, M., Williams, K., Cáceres, C., Motta, A., Odhiambo, A., … Mannell, J. (2019). Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter? The Lancet, 393(10171), 560–569.
Smith, M.L., Spence, R., & Rashid, A.T. (2011). Mobile Phones and Expanding Human Capabilities. Information Technologies and International Development, 7(3), 77-88.
Soleha, K. G., & Fathurrahman, A. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Bidang Kesehatan, Pengeluaran Pemerintah Bidang Pendidikan, Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) terhadap Pertumbuhan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences, 1(1), 40-52.
Taylor, J. S. (2006). Female sex tourism: a contradiction in terms? Feminist Review, 83(1), 42–59.
Tomohara, A., & Takii, S. (2011). Does Globalization Benefit Developing Countries? Effects of FDI on Local Wages. Journal of Policy Modeling, 33, 511-521.
Tyer‐Viola, L. A., & Cesario, S. K. (2010). Addressing Poverty, Education, and Gender Equality to Improve the Health of Women Worldwide. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 39(5), 580–589.
Verhellen, Y., Dens, N., & de Pelsmacker, P. (2014). A longitudinal content analysis of gender role portrayal in Belgian television advertising. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(2), 170–188.
Wei, W., Sarker, T., Zukiewicz-Sobczak, W., Roy, R., Alam, G. M., Rabbany, M. G., . . . Aziz, N. (2021). The Influence of Women’s Empowerment on Poverty Reduction in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Focus on Health, Education and Living Standard. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6909.
Wong, M.Y.H. (2016). Globalization, Spending and Income Inequality in Asia Pasific. Journal of Comparative Asian Development, 15(1), 1-18.
Wotha, B., Beyer, D., & Menking, K. (2017). Gender in Sustainable Tourism: How Women and Men Take Part in the Transformation to a More Sustainable Tourism in German Tourism Industry. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 27/28, 185-187.
Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Tourism and gender equality: An Asian perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 85, 103067.
Published
2023-06-07
How to Cite
MAICHAL, Maichal; WIJAYA, Justin; PUTRA, Sinar Dharmayana.
The Impact of Globalization on Welfare and Gender Equality in Indonesia.
Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, [S.l.], p. 254-272, june 2023.
ISSN 2303-0186.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jekt/article/view/98758>. Date accessed: 09 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2023.v16.i02.p04.
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Articles
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