Balinese Indigenous Knowledge about Water : A Way to Achieve Water Sustainability
Abstract
For the Balinese, water is essential for their ritual-based culture. Water is an entity to complete Balinese everyday life, especially the spiritual aspects that need holy water for rituals. This study aims to analyze the influence of Balinese indigenous knowledge about groundwater management, membership of the indigenous organizations, perception of the catchment areas, and water resources alternatives to groundwater resource conservation amongst Balinese. To address this, a survey of a representative sample of 139 Balinese adults in SARBAGITA (Denpasar Regency, Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency, and Tabanan Regency) has been conducted. With logistic regression model, this study found that knowledge and method used in respondents' households when water is limited are the most significant factor that affects respondents' willingness to participate in sacred springs conservation program.
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References
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Okumah, M., Yeboah, A. S., Nkiaka, E., & Azerigyik, R. A. 2019. What Determines Behaviours Towards Water Resources Management in a Rural Context? Results of a Quantitative Study. Resources, 8(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8020109
Oremo, F., Mulwa, R., & Oguge, N. 2019. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Water Resources Management among Smallholder Irrigators in the Tsavo Sub-Catchment, Kenya. Resources, 8(3), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8030130
Özdemir, S., Elliott, M., Brown, J., Nam, P. K., Thi Hien, V., & Sobsey, M. D. 2011. Rainwater harvesting practices and attitudes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 1(3), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.024
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Pandey, C. L. 2021) Managing urban water security: Challenges and prospects in Nepal. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(1), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00577-0
Paneque, P., Lafuente, R., & Vargas, J. 2018. Public Attitudes toward Water Management Measures and Droughts: A Study in Southern Spain. Water, 10(4), 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040369
PNB, & IDEP. 2018. Laporan Akhir BWP Project Research Tahun 2018. PND and IDEP Bali. Ramstedt, M. 2014. Discordant temporalities in Bali’s new village jurisdictions. The Journal of
Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 46(1), 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2014.893722
Ren, L., Cui, E., & Sun, H. 2014. Temporal and spatial variations in the relationship between urbanization and water quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(23), 13646–13655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3242-8
Sadoff, C. W., Borgomeo, E., & Uhlenbrook, S. 2020. Rethinking water for SDG 6. Nature Sustainability, 3(5), 346–347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0530-9
Schewe, J., Heinke, J., Gerten, D., Haddeland, I., Arnell, N. W., Clark, D. B., Dankers, R., Eisner, S., Fekete, B. M., Colón-González, F. J., Gosling, S. N., Kim, H., Liu, X., Masaki, Y., Portmann, F. T., Satoh, Y., Stacke, T., Tang, Q., Wada, Y. Kabat, P. 2014. Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(9), 3245–3250. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222460110
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Spijkers, O., Li, X., & Dai, L. 2018. Public Participation in China’s Water Governance. Chinese Journal of Environmental Law, 2(1), 28–56. https://doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340021 Suamba, I. B. P. 2017. Air dalam Peradaban Bali. Rembug Sastra Purnama Badrawada, Pura
Agung Jagatnatha, Denpasar, Bali. www.javanesesaivism.com
Thielborger, P. 2014. The right(s) to water: The multi-level governance of a unique human right.
Springer.
Vairavamoorthy, K., Eckart, J., Tsegaye, S., Ghebremichael, K., & Khatri, K. A. 2015. Paradigm Shift in Urban Water Management: An Imperative to Achieve Sustainability. In M. C. Donoso & S. G. Setegn (Eds.), Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management: Water Governance, Climate and Ecohydrology (1st ed. 2015). Springer International Publishing: Imprint: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12194-9
Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A., Liermann, C. R., & Davies, P. M. 2010. Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature, 467(7315), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440
Watts, V. 2013. Indigenous place-thought and agency amongst humans and non-humans (First Woman and Sky Woman go on a European world tour!). Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 2(1).
Wilson, N. J., & Inkster, J. 2018. Respecting water: Indigenous water governance, ontologies, and the politics of kinship on the ground. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 1(4), 516–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848618789378
Zhang, H. X. 2018. Climate Change and Global Water Sustainability. In Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology + ereference. Springer.
Rajawali Press.
Brooijmans, S., Franken, M. C., de Longh, Z. Z. E., de Jong, W. K., & van Marsbergen, A. M. 2019. Plastic Discharge in Bali’s Rivers (No. CIE4061-09). DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25445.14560
Cole, S. 2012. A political ecology of water equity and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1221–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.01.003
Cole, S., & Browne, M. 2015. Tourism and Water Inequity in Bali: A Social-Ecological Systems Analysis. Human Ecology, 43(3), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-015-9739-z
Coulibaly, L., Jakus, P. M., & Keith, J. E. 2014. Modeling water demand when households have multiple sources of water. Water Resources Research, 50(7), 6002–6014. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015090
Dean, A. J., Fielding, K. S., & Newton, F. J. 2016a. Community Knowledge about Water: Who Has Better Knowledge and Is This Associated with Water-Related Behaviors and Support for Water-Related Policies? PLOS ONE, 11(7), e0159063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159063
Dean, A. J., Lindsay, J., Fielding, K. S., & Smith, L. D. G. 2016b. Fostering water sensitive citizenship – Community profiles of engagement in water-related issues. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.10.016
Dixit, A. 2009. Governance Institutions and Economic Activity. American Economic Review, 99(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.1.5
Elliott, M., Foster, T., MacDonald, M. C., Harris, A. R., Schwab, K. J., & Hadwen, W. L. 2019. Addressing how multiple household water sources and uses build water resilience and support sustainable development. Npj Clean Water, 2(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-019-0031-4
Foster, T., & Hope, R. 2017. Evaluating waterpoint sustainability and access implications of revenue collection approaches in rural Kenya. Water Resources Research, 53(2), 1473– 1490. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019634
Foster, T., & Willetts, J. 2018. Multiple water source use in rural Vanuatu: Are households choosing the safest option for drinking? International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 28(6), 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2018.1491953
Gilbertson, M., Hurlimann, A., & Dolnicar, S. 2011. Does water context influence behaviour and attitudes to water conservation? Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 18(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2011.566160
Hooykaas, C. 2013. Cosmogony and Creation in Balinese Tradition. Springer Netherlands. https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=5595180
Hunt, S. 2014. Ontologies of Indigeneity: The politics of embodying a concept. Cultural Geographies, 21(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474013500226
Jacobs, M. H., & Buijs, A. E. 2011. Understanding stakeholders’ attitudes toward water management interventions: Role of place meanings. Water Resources Research, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008366
Lanus, S. 2018. Air, Tirtha (Patirtan), Toya (Patoyan) dan Beji dalam Tradisi Jawa Kuna. Tatkala.Com. https://tatkala.co/2017/06/30/air-tirtha-patirtan-toya-patoyan-beji-dalam- tradisi-jawa-kuna/
Luo, P., Kang, S., Apip, Zhou, M., Lyu, J., Aisyah, S., Binaya, M., Regmi, R. K., & Nover, D. 2019. Water quality trend assessment in Jakarta: A rapidly growing Asian megacity. PLOS ONE, 14(7), e0219009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219009
Marlow, D. R., Moglia, M., Cook, S., & Beale, D. J. 2013. Towards sustainable urban water management: A critical reassessment. Water Research, 47(20), 7150–7161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.046
McDuff, M. M., Appelson, G. S., Jacobson, S. K., & Israel, G. D. 2008. Watershed management in north Florida: Public knowledge, attitudes and information needs. Lake and Reservoir Management, 24(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140809354050
Nguyen, T. H., & Ross, A. 2017. Barriers and Opportunities for the Involvement of Indigenous Knowledge in Water Resources Management in the Gam River Basin in North-East Vietnam. 10(1), 26.
Okumah, M., Yeboah, A. S., Nkiaka, E., & Azerigyik, R. A. 2019. What Determines Behaviours Towards Water Resources Management in a Rural Context? Results of a Quantitative Study. Resources, 8(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8020109
Oremo, F., Mulwa, R., & Oguge, N. 2019. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Water Resources Management among Smallholder Irrigators in the Tsavo Sub-Catchment, Kenya. Resources, 8(3), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8030130
Özdemir, S., Elliott, M., Brown, J., Nam, P. K., Thi Hien, V., & Sobsey, M. D. 2011. Rainwater harvesting practices and attitudes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 1(3), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.024
Padowski, J. C., & Gorelick, S. M. 2014. Corrigendum: Global analysis of urban surface water supply vulnerability (2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 104004). Environmental Research Letters, 9(11), 119501. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/119501
Pandey, C. L. 2021) Managing urban water security: Challenges and prospects in Nepal. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(1), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00577-0
Paneque, P., Lafuente, R., & Vargas, J. 2018. Public Attitudes toward Water Management Measures and Droughts: A Study in Southern Spain. Water, 10(4), 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040369
PNB, & IDEP. 2018. Laporan Akhir BWP Project Research Tahun 2018. PND and IDEP Bali. Ramstedt, M. 2014. Discordant temporalities in Bali’s new village jurisdictions. The Journal of
Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 46(1), 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2014.893722
Ren, L., Cui, E., & Sun, H. 2014. Temporal and spatial variations in the relationship between urbanization and water quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(23), 13646–13655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3242-8
Sadoff, C. W., Borgomeo, E., & Uhlenbrook, S. 2020. Rethinking water for SDG 6. Nature Sustainability, 3(5), 346–347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0530-9
Schewe, J., Heinke, J., Gerten, D., Haddeland, I., Arnell, N. W., Clark, D. B., Dankers, R., Eisner, S., Fekete, B. M., Colón-González, F. J., Gosling, S. N., Kim, H., Liu, X., Masaki, Y., Portmann, F. T., Satoh, Y., Stacke, T., Tang, Q., Wada, Y. Kabat, P. 2014. Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(9), 3245–3250. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222460110
Sperling, E. 2020. Over-Exposure to Tourism in Bali, Indonesia. Storymaps. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/eb1f5fbd18fc4c53bbde0713e06ab111
Spijkers, O., Li, X., & Dai, L. 2018. Public Participation in China’s Water Governance. Chinese Journal of Environmental Law, 2(1), 28–56. https://doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340021 Suamba, I. B. P. 2017. Air dalam Peradaban Bali. Rembug Sastra Purnama Badrawada, Pura
Agung Jagatnatha, Denpasar, Bali. www.javanesesaivism.com
Thielborger, P. 2014. The right(s) to water: The multi-level governance of a unique human right.
Springer.
Vairavamoorthy, K., Eckart, J., Tsegaye, S., Ghebremichael, K., & Khatri, K. A. 2015. Paradigm Shift in Urban Water Management: An Imperative to Achieve Sustainability. In M. C. Donoso & S. G. Setegn (Eds.), Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management: Water Governance, Climate and Ecohydrology (1st ed. 2015). Springer International Publishing: Imprint: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12194-9
Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A., Liermann, C. R., & Davies, P. M. 2010. Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature, 467(7315), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440
Watts, V. 2013. Indigenous place-thought and agency amongst humans and non-humans (First Woman and Sky Woman go on a European world tour!). Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 2(1).
Wilson, N. J., & Inkster, J. 2018. Respecting water: Indigenous water governance, ontologies, and the politics of kinship on the ground. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 1(4), 516–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848618789378
Zhang, H. X. 2018. Climate Change and Global Water Sustainability. In Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology + ereference. Springer.
Published
2021-09-27
How to Cite
SARASWATY, Amrita Nugraheni; KESUMA, Wayan Gita; YASA, Murjana.
Balinese Indigenous Knowledge about Water : A Way to Achieve Water Sustainability.
Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, [S.l.], p. 381-399, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2303-0186.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jekt/article/view/77995>. Date accessed: 18 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2021.v14.i02.p09.
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