Pola Perilaku Komuter dan Stres: Bukti dari Jabodetabek
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan perilaku berkomuter yang ditangkap dengan waktu tempuh terhadap kecendrungan terkena stres dengan menggunakan survei komuter Jabodetabek oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) tahun 2014. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa setiap kenaikan waktu tempuh dalam berkomuter sebanyak 10 menit berasosiasi pada kencendrungan seseorang untuk terkena stres sebesar 0,8-1,8%, relatif sama dengan negara lainnya. Hasil estimasi ini konsisten terhadap subgrup sampel komuter berjenis kelamin perempuan, penduduk non-migran, pengguna motor dan para pekerja. Hasil estimasi ini juga mendorong pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk mengurangi stres.
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References
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Diener, E., Eunkook, M. S., Richard, E. L., & Heidi, L. S. (1999). Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress. Psychological Bulletin, 95(2), 542–575. Retrieved from http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/Documents/Diener-Suh-Lucas-Smith_1999.pdf
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Evans, G. W., & Wener, R. E. (2006). Rail commuting duration and passenger stress. Health Psychology, 25(3), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.3.408
Friman, M., Gärling, T., Ettema, D., & Olsson, L. E. (2017). How does travel affect emotional well-being and life satisfaction? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 106(June 2016), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.09.024
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Gottholmseder, G. (2008). Stress Perception and Commuting. Helath Economics, 1213(December 2007), 1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics (5th ed.). In Basic Econometrics.
Handiyatmo, D. (2009). Pengunaan Jenis Transportasi oleh Pelaku Mobilitas Ulang Alik di Enam Kawasan Metropolitan (Analisis Data SUPAS 2005).
Hansson, E., Mattisson, K., Björk, J., Stergren, P. O., & Jakobsson, K. (2011). Relationship between commuting and health outcomes in a cross-sectional population survey in southern Sweden. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 834. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-834
Hesketh, T., Ye, X. J., Lu, L., & Wang, H. M. (2008). Health status and access to health care of migrant workers in China. Public Health Reports, 123(2), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490812300211
Hilbrecht, M., Smale, B., & Mock, S. E. (2014). Highway to health? Commute time and well-being among Canadian adults. World Leisure Journal, 56(2), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.903723
Humphreys, D. K., Goodman, A., & Ogilvie, D. (2013). Associations between active commuting and physical and mental wellbeing. Preventive Medicine, Vol. 57, pp. 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.008
Jain, V., Sharma, A., & Subramanian, L. (2012). Road traffic congestion in the developing world. (August), 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/2160601.2160616
Lazarus, R. S., & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-Related Transactions between Person and Environment. In Perspectives in Interactional Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3997-7_12
Legrain, A., Eluru, N., & El-Geneidy, A. M. (2015). Am stressed, must travel: The relationship between mode choice and commuting stress. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 34, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.08.001
Michiel, K. (1999). Commuting stress : Causes , effects and methods of coping. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Morris, E. A., & Zhou, Y. (2018). Are long commutes short on benefits? Commute duration and various manifestations of well-being. Travel Behaviour and Society, 11(June 2017), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2018.02.001
Nie, P., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2018). Commute time and subjective well-being in urban China. China Economic Review, 48, 188–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.03.002
Novaco, R. W., Kliewer, W., & Broquet, A. (1991). Home environmental consequences of commute travel impedance. American Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937890
Novaco, R. W., Stokols, D., & Milanesi, L. (1990). Objective and subjective dimensions of travel impedance as determinants of commuting stress. American Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931303
Olsson, L. E., Gärling, T., Ettema, D., Friman, M., & Fujii, S. (2013). Happiness and Satisfaction with Work Commute. Social Indicators Research, 111(1), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0003-2
PPID-Kemenhub. (2015). Rencana Induk Transportasi Jabodetabek (RITJ). 54. Retrieved from http://ppid.dephub.go.id/files/datalitbang/bptj/laporan_RITJ_30-6-2015_AR.pdf
Ramadhiani, A. (2018). Jakarta, Kota Termacet ke-12 Dunia. Kompas.Com. Retrieved from https://properti.kompas.com/read/2018/02/25/143845721/jakarta-kota-termacet-ke-12-dunia
Rappler. (2017). Metro Manila has 3rd worst traffic in Southeast Asia – study. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/business/190016-metro-manila-traffic-southeast-asia-study-bcg-uber
Review, W. P. (2019). 2019 World Population by Country. World Population Review, p. 1. Retrieved from http://worldpopulationreview.com/
Rissel, C., Petrunoff, N., Wen, L. M., & Crane, M. (2014). Travel to work and self-reported stress: Findings from a workplace survey in south west Sydney, Australia. Journal of Transport and Health, 1(1), 50–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2013.09.001
Roberts, J., Hodgson, R., & Dolan, P. (2011). “It’s driving her mad”: Gender differences in the effects of commuting on psychological health. Journal of Health Economics, 30(5), 1064–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.07.006
Rüger, H., Pfaff, S., Weishaar, H., & Wiernik, B. M. (2017). Does perceived stress mediate the relationship between commuting and health-related quality of life? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.07.005
Saldivia, G. (2018). Stuck In Traffic? You’re Not Alone. New Data Show American Commute Times Are Longer. Retrieved from NPR website: https://www.npr.org/2018/09/20/650061560/stuck-in-traffic-youre-not-alone-new-data-show-american-commute-times-are-longer
Sha, F., Li, B., Law, Y. W., & Yip, P. S. F. (2019). Associations between commuting and well-being in the context of a compact city with a well-developed public transport system. Journal of Transport and Health, 13(December 2018), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.03.016
Smith, O. (2017). Commute well-being differences by mode: Evidence from Portland, Oregon, USA. Journal of Transport and Health, 4, 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.08.005
Statistics Canada. (2017). Journey to work: Key results from the 2016 Census. The Daily, 1–12. https://doi.org/11-001-X
Stone, A. A., & Schneider, S. (2016). Commuting episodes in the United States: Their correlates with experiential wellbeing from the American Time Use Survey. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.07.004
Tajalli, M., & Hajbabaie, A. (2017). On the relationships between commuting mode choice and public health. Journal of Transport and Health, 4, 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.12.007
Tawatsupa, B., Yiengprugsawan, V., Kjellstrom, T., Seubsman, S. A., & Sleigh, A. (2012). Heat stress, health and well-being: Findings from a large national cohort of Thai adults. BMJ Open, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001396
Trades Union Congress. (2016). Long commutes up by a third, finds TUC. Retrieved from https://www.tuc.org.uk/industrial-issues/transport-policy/long-commutes-third-finds-tuc
Urhonen, T., Lie, A., & Aamodt, G. (2016). Associations between long commutes and subjective health complaints among railway workers in Norway. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 490–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.09.001
Wener, R. E., & Evans, G. W. (2011). Comparing stress of car and train commuters. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.11.008
BPS. (2014). STATISTIK KOMUTER JABODETABEK (Hasil Survei Komuter Jabodetabek 2014). (c), 2–6.
Chilunga, F. P., Boateng, D., Henneman, P., Beune, E., Requena-Méndez, A., Meeks, K., … Agyemang, C. (2019). Perceived discrimination and stressful life events are associated with cardiovascular risk score in migrant and non-migrant populations: The RODAM study. International Journal of Cardiology, 286, 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.056
Chng, S., White, M., Abraham, C., & Skippon, S. (2016). Commuting and wellbeing in London: The roles of commute mode and local public transport connectivity. Preventive Medicine, 88, 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.014
Cooper, J., & Corcoran, J. (2018). Journey to Work In Australia. Retrieved from Australian Bureau of Statistics website: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by Subject/2071.0.55.001~2016~Main Features~Feature Article: Journey to Work in Australia~40
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
Diener, E., Eunkook, M. S., Richard, E. L., & Heidi, L. S. (1999). Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress. Psychological Bulletin, 95(2), 542–575. Retrieved from http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/Documents/Diener-Suh-Lucas-Smith_1999.pdf
Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.09.001
Evans, G. W., & Wener, R. E. (2006). Rail commuting duration and passenger stress. Health Psychology, 25(3), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.3.408
Friman, M., Gärling, T., Ettema, D., & Olsson, L. E. (2017). How does travel affect emotional well-being and life satisfaction? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 106(June 2016), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.09.024
Gimenez-Nadal, J. I., & Molina, J. A. (2019). Daily feelings of US workers and commuting time. Journal of Transport and Health, Vol. 12, pp. 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.001
Gottholmseder, G. (2008). Stress Perception and Commuting. Helath Economics, 1213(December 2007), 1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics (5th ed.). In Basic Econometrics.
Handiyatmo, D. (2009). Pengunaan Jenis Transportasi oleh Pelaku Mobilitas Ulang Alik di Enam Kawasan Metropolitan (Analisis Data SUPAS 2005).
Hansson, E., Mattisson, K., Björk, J., Stergren, P. O., & Jakobsson, K. (2011). Relationship between commuting and health outcomes in a cross-sectional population survey in southern Sweden. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 834. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-834
Hesketh, T., Ye, X. J., Lu, L., & Wang, H. M. (2008). Health status and access to health care of migrant workers in China. Public Health Reports, 123(2), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490812300211
Hilbrecht, M., Smale, B., & Mock, S. E. (2014). Highway to health? Commute time and well-being among Canadian adults. World Leisure Journal, 56(2), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.903723
Humphreys, D. K., Goodman, A., & Ogilvie, D. (2013). Associations between active commuting and physical and mental wellbeing. Preventive Medicine, Vol. 57, pp. 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.008
Jain, V., Sharma, A., & Subramanian, L. (2012). Road traffic congestion in the developing world. (August), 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/2160601.2160616
Lazarus, R. S., & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-Related Transactions between Person and Environment. In Perspectives in Interactional Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3997-7_12
Legrain, A., Eluru, N., & El-Geneidy, A. M. (2015). Am stressed, must travel: The relationship between mode choice and commuting stress. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 34, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.08.001
Michiel, K. (1999). Commuting stress : Causes , effects and methods of coping. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Morris, E. A., & Zhou, Y. (2018). Are long commutes short on benefits? Commute duration and various manifestations of well-being. Travel Behaviour and Society, 11(June 2017), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2018.02.001
Nie, P., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2018). Commute time and subjective well-being in urban China. China Economic Review, 48, 188–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.03.002
Novaco, R. W., Kliewer, W., & Broquet, A. (1991). Home environmental consequences of commute travel impedance. American Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937890
Novaco, R. W., Stokols, D., & Milanesi, L. (1990). Objective and subjective dimensions of travel impedance as determinants of commuting stress. American Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931303
Olsson, L. E., Gärling, T., Ettema, D., Friman, M., & Fujii, S. (2013). Happiness and Satisfaction with Work Commute. Social Indicators Research, 111(1), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0003-2
PPID-Kemenhub. (2015). Rencana Induk Transportasi Jabodetabek (RITJ). 54. Retrieved from http://ppid.dephub.go.id/files/datalitbang/bptj/laporan_RITJ_30-6-2015_AR.pdf
Ramadhiani, A. (2018). Jakarta, Kota Termacet ke-12 Dunia. Kompas.Com. Retrieved from https://properti.kompas.com/read/2018/02/25/143845721/jakarta-kota-termacet-ke-12-dunia
Rappler. (2017). Metro Manila has 3rd worst traffic in Southeast Asia – study. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/business/190016-metro-manila-traffic-southeast-asia-study-bcg-uber
Review, W. P. (2019). 2019 World Population by Country. World Population Review, p. 1. Retrieved from http://worldpopulationreview.com/
Rissel, C., Petrunoff, N., Wen, L. M., & Crane, M. (2014). Travel to work and self-reported stress: Findings from a workplace survey in south west Sydney, Australia. Journal of Transport and Health, 1(1), 50–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2013.09.001
Roberts, J., Hodgson, R., & Dolan, P. (2011). “It’s driving her mad”: Gender differences in the effects of commuting on psychological health. Journal of Health Economics, 30(5), 1064–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.07.006
Rüger, H., Pfaff, S., Weishaar, H., & Wiernik, B. M. (2017). Does perceived stress mediate the relationship between commuting and health-related quality of life? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.07.005
Saldivia, G. (2018). Stuck In Traffic? You’re Not Alone. New Data Show American Commute Times Are Longer. Retrieved from NPR website: https://www.npr.org/2018/09/20/650061560/stuck-in-traffic-youre-not-alone-new-data-show-american-commute-times-are-longer
Sha, F., Li, B., Law, Y. W., & Yip, P. S. F. (2019). Associations between commuting and well-being in the context of a compact city with a well-developed public transport system. Journal of Transport and Health, 13(December 2018), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.03.016
Smith, O. (2017). Commute well-being differences by mode: Evidence from Portland, Oregon, USA. Journal of Transport and Health, 4, 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.08.005
Statistics Canada. (2017). Journey to work: Key results from the 2016 Census. The Daily, 1–12. https://doi.org/11-001-X
Stone, A. A., & Schneider, S. (2016). Commuting episodes in the United States: Their correlates with experiential wellbeing from the American Time Use Survey. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.07.004
Tajalli, M., & Hajbabaie, A. (2017). On the relationships between commuting mode choice and public health. Journal of Transport and Health, 4, 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.12.007
Tawatsupa, B., Yiengprugsawan, V., Kjellstrom, T., Seubsman, S. A., & Sleigh, A. (2012). Heat stress, health and well-being: Findings from a large national cohort of Thai adults. BMJ Open, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001396
Trades Union Congress. (2016). Long commutes up by a third, finds TUC. Retrieved from https://www.tuc.org.uk/industrial-issues/transport-policy/long-commutes-third-finds-tuc
Urhonen, T., Lie, A., & Aamodt, G. (2016). Associations between long commutes and subjective health complaints among railway workers in Norway. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 490–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.09.001
Wener, R. E., & Evans, G. W. (2011). Comparing stress of car and train commuters. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.11.008
Published
2020-02-26
How to Cite
RIYADI, Gema Akbar; YUDHISTIRA, Muhammad Halley.
Pola Perilaku Komuter dan Stres: Bukti dari Jabodetabek.
Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, [S.l.], p. 185-210, feb. 2020.
ISSN 2303-0186.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jekt/article/view/55174>. Date accessed: 10 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2020.v13.i01.p10.
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