GAMBARAN RADIOLOGI TULANG BELAKANG PADA PASIEN SKOLIOSIS DI RSUP SANGLAH BALI

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Kelainan tulang belakang yang sering dijumpai adalah skoliosis yang merupakan kondisi tulang belakang yang ditandai dengan devisiasi tulang belakang >10⁰ dengan rotasi vertebra. Pada pasien skoliosis 80% kondisi ini tidak diketahui penyebabnya secara pasti. Pemeriksaan radiologi memiliki peran dalam menegakan diagnosis skoliosis serta mengidentifikasi skoliosis. Pemeriksaan radiologi yaitu X-ray ialah pemeriksaan yang paling cost efficient dan memudahkan dalam mengidentifikasi jenis kurva, sudut Cobb, rotasi tulang belakang, dan maturasi tulang pada pasien skoliosis dengan hasil yang lebih akurat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan dan memberikan informasi gambaran radiologi pada pasien skoliosis di RSUP Sanglah Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi distribusi identifikasi gambaran radiologi tulang belakang pada pasien skoliosis di RSUP Sanglah Bali periode 2018-2020 berdasarkan karakteristik usia, jenis  kelamin, jenis kurva, sudut Cobb angle, rotasi tulang belakang, dan maturasi tulang. Total sampel penelitian 172 rekam medis dengan rata-rata usia pasien adalah >10 tahun 167 orang (97.1%) dan rata-rata jenis kelamin perempuan 143 orang (83.1%). Hasil distribusi frekuensi gambaran radiologi pada pasien skoliosis didapatkan rata-rata sudut Cobb single curve 31⁰-50⁰ sebanyak 27 orang (29%), sudut Cobb double curve struktural 51⁰-75⁰ sebanyak 31 orang (39.2%), sudut Cobb double curve non struktural 31⁰-50⁰ sebanyak 39 orang (49.4%). Jenis kurva single curve right thoracic sebanyak 52 orang (55.9%), jenis kurva double curve struktural right thoracic sebanyak 58 orang (73.4%), jenis kurva double curve non struktural left lumbar sebanyak 34 orang (43%). Rotasi tulang belakang Grade II sebanyak 87 orang (50.6%) dan maturasi tulang Stage IV sebanyak 64 orang (37.2%).

Kata kunci : Skoliosis, Cobb Angle, Nash-moe, Curve.

ABSTRACT

The most common spinal deformity is scoliosis, this condition characterized by spinal deviation >10⁰ with vertebral rotation. In 80% of scoliosis patients, the cause of this condition is unknown. Radiological examination has a role in diagnosis of scoliosis and identifying. Radiological examination X-ray is the most cost efficient examination and makes it easier to identify the type of curve, Cobb angle, spinal rotation, and bone maturation in scoliosis patients with more accurate results. The purpose of this study was to obtain and provide information on radiological features in scoliosis patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali. This study is a descriptive study that to determine the prevalence distribution of spinal radiological identification in scoliosis patients at Sanglah Hospital Bali on period 2018-2020 based on the variabels of age, sex, type of curve, Cobb angle, spinal rotation, and bone maturation. The total sample of the study was 172 medical records with an average age of patients >10 years 167 people (97.1%) and an average female gender of 143 people (83.1%). The results of the frequency distribution of radiological images in scoliosis patients obtained an average Cobb angle of 31⁰-50⁰ as many as 27 people (29%), Cobb angle double curve structural 51⁰-75⁰ as many as 31 people (39.2%), Cobb angle double curve non-structural 31⁰ -50⁰ as many as 39 people (49.4%). Types of single curve right thoracic as many as 52 people (55.9%), type of double curve structural right thoracic curve as many as 58 people (73.4%), type of double curve curve left non-structural left lumbar as many as 34 people (43%). Grade II spine rotation was 87 people (50.6%) and Stage IV bone maturation was 64 people (37.2%).

Keywords : Skoliosis, Cobb Angle, Nash-moe, Curve.