EFEK BIOLARVISIDA EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH CITRUS HYSTRIX TERHADAP LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Infeksi dengue merupakan penyakit dengan vektor nyamuk dengan insidensi yang tinggi dan menyebabkan berbagai kondisi klinis dari yang ringan hingga berat. Membasmi larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti merupakan strategi umum untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi dengue. Penelusuran bahan herbal sebagai biolarvisida penting dilakukan agar didapat bahan larvisida yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek biolarvisida ekstrak etanol buah Citrus hystrix terhadap larva Ae. aegypti.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan uji bioassay dengan larva Ae. aegypti instar III dan IV sebagai sampel. Pengujian dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok yakni kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok perlakuan pada konsentrasi 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, dan 2400 ppm, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 20 ekor larva. Seluruh kelompok kemudian diamati pada 1, 24, dan 48 jam. Kematian larva dicatat dan data dianalisis untuk mengetahui efek biolarvisida, nilai LC50 dan LC95, dan hubungan dosis-efek.
Hasil: Total larva diujikan sebanyak 590 ekor, didapat total kematian larva 315 ekor dan 418 ekor setelah 24 dan 48 jam. Uji one-way ANOVA menghasilkan nilai F 26,03 dan 65,69 (p<0,05) masing-masing pada periode 24 dan 48 jam. Nilai R2 sebesar 0,745 dan 0,635 masing-masing pada periode 24 dan 48 jam (p<0,05). Nilai LC50 24 jam= 989,55 ppm, dan LC95 24 jam=2785,89 ppm sedangkan LC50 48 jam= 483,16 ppm dan LC95 48 jam= 1555,49 ppm.
Simpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol buah Citrus hystrix memiliki efek biolarvisida terhadap larva Ae. aegypti, hubungan dosis-efek yang linier, serta korelasi yang positif, kuat, dan signifikan.
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References
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