POTENSI QUERCETIN DALAM EKSTRAK DAUN PSIDIUM GUAJAVA DAN PAPAIN DALAM EKSTRAK DAUN CARICA PAPAYA LINN TERHADAP TERAPI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE
Abstract
Abstrak
Latar Belakang : Menurut WHO pada tahun 2019, Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) mengenai 390 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia per tahun. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditransmisikan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Manifestasi klinis yang menjadi perhatian dalam penyakit ini adalah dehidrasi dan trombositopenia. Modalitas terapi yang ada saat ini hanya terapi simtomatik dan substitusi cairan. Oleh karena itulah diperlukan terapi yang dapat mengatasi keterbatasan ini. Tujuan : Tujuan dibuatnya literature review ini yaitu untuk menemukan modalitas terapi yang dapat mengatasi virus dengue dan trombositopenia. Metode : Studi ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka dengan mengumpulkan sumber dari literatur ilmiah yang valid seperti PubMed dan Google Scholar. Hasil : Quercetin memiliki aktivitas antivirus dengan mereduksi persentase foci, pengkopian RNA, dan menghambat RNA polimerase yang penting dalam replikasi virus dengue. Selain itu, quercetin dapat menghambat enzim NS2B-NS3 protease, domain helikase, dan enzim ATPase. Papain dalam daun Carica papaya L. dapat menginduksi sitokin trombositik seperti IL-6 dan sekresi trombopoietin, sehingga hitung jumlah trombosit meningkat. Papain mampu meningkatkan ekspersi ALOX-12 yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan produksi megakaryosit dan trombosit. Quercetin diekstraksi dan difraksi dari daun Psidium guajava, kemudian hasil campuran diinkubasi. Papain diisolasi dari ekstrak daun Carica papaya L. dengan metode ultrasonication extraction. Kombinasi quercetin dan papain diadministrasikan secara peroral. Kesimpulan : Kombinasi quercetin dan papain memiliki potensi sebagai antivirus terhadap virus dengue dan memperbaiki kondisi trombositopenia. Penulis menyarankan untuk diadakan penelitan lebih lanjut terkait dosis dan efek samping yang dapat ditimbulkan.
Kata Kunci : Virus Dengue, Quercetin, Papain, Antivirus, Trombosit
Abstract
Background : According to WHO in 2019, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) affects 390 million people worldwide annually. This disease is caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. Concerning clinical manifestations in this disease are dehydration and thrombocytopenia. Current therapeutic modalities only symptomatic therapy and fluid substitution. Therefore, a therapy that can overcome this limitation is required. Objective : The purpose of this literature review is to find therapeutic modalities that can overcome the dengue virus and thrombocytopenia. Methods : This study uses the literature review method by gathering sources from valid scientific literature such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Results : Quercetin has antiviral activity by reducing the percentage of foci, RNA copying, and inhibiting RNA polymerase which is important in dengue virus replication. Also, quercetin can inhibit NS2B-NS3 protease, helicase domain, and ATPase enzyme. Papain in Carica papaya L. can induce thrombocytic cytokines such as IL-6 and thrombopoietin secretion, so the thrombocyte count increases. Papain can increase the expression of ALOX 12 which is associated with increased production of megakaryocytes and thrombocytes. Quercetin is extracted and diffracted from Psidium guajava, then the mixed product is incubated. Papain is isolated from Carica papaya L. extract by ultrasonication extraction method. The combination of quercetin and papain is administered orally. Conclusion : Combination of quercetin and papain has potential as an antiviral against dengue virus and correct thrombocytopenia. The author recommends further research related to dose and side effects that can be caused.
Keywords : Dengue Virus, Quercetin, Papain, Antivirus, Thrombocyte
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