POTENSI ANTIMAKAN EKSTRAK DAUN TENGGULUN (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) PADA ULAT KUBIS (Plutella xylostella)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Daun tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) memiliki aktivitas antimakan terhadap larva Epilachna sparsa dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pestisida nabati pada hama target spesifik yaitu ulat kubis (Plutella xylostella). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komponen senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak aktif antimakan daun tenggulun terhadap ulat kubis. Hasil ekstraksi 1000 g serbuk kering daun tenggulun dengan methanol, n heksana dan etil asetat berturut-turut menghasilkan 7,2535 g ekstrak kental n-heksana , 5,5680 g ekstrak kental etil asetat, dan 20,1852 g ekstrak air. Hasil uji aktivitas antimakan menunjukkan etil setat mempunyai aktivitas terbesar ( 84,24 % pada konsentrasi 0,1%). Pemurnian ekstrak aktif etil asetat dengan kromatografi kolom ( silika gel dan fase gerak etil asetat-n-heksana (1:1)) menghasilkan tiga fraksi, dan fraksi B menunjukkan aktivitas antimakan paling tinggi (87,26% pada konsentrasi 100 ppm). Hasil analisis fraksi B dengan GC-MS menghasilkan 77 senyawa, enam diantaranya yaitu senyawa dengan Rt: 22,11 (Mr 170), 23,65’ (Mr 168), 24,6’ (Mr 220), 27,64 (Mr. 260), 31,74’ (Mr. 204), dan 32,8’ (Mr 222) teridentifikasi melalui pendekatan database NIST dan WILET 229 diduga berturut-turut adalah senyawa: linalol oksida, S(+)-5-(1-hidroksi-1-metil)-2-metil-2-sikloheksenon, 2,6-di-t-butil 2,5-sikoheksadiena 1,4-dion, karyopillen, 2-sikloheksen-1-on-4-hidroksi-3,5,6-trimetil-4-(3-oxo-butenil), dan Etil- Oktadekanoat.
Kata kunci: Protium javanicum Burm. F., tenggulun, antimakan, Plutella xylostella
ABSTRACT: Tenggulun leaves ((Protium javanicum Burm. F.) has antifeeding activity on Epilachna sparsa larvae and potential to be developed as pesticide on specific target such as cabbage caterpillar (Plutella xylostella). The purpose of this research is to determine chemical compounds containing on the active extracts of the leaves. The extraction process was conducted by maceration of 1000 grams the leaves with methanol followed by partition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water resutling viscous extracts of 7.2535 g, 5.5680 g, and 20.1852 g respectively. Antifeeding test showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest activity as antifeeding which is 84.24% with concentration of 0.1 %. Purification process of the ethyl acetate active extract was conducted by coloum chromatography using silica gel and mobile phase of the mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (1 : 1) resulting three fraction where the B fraction showing the highest antifeeding activity which 87.26 % using solution of 100 ppm. Further, analysis the B fraction with GC-MS showed 77 chemical compounds where 6 of them identified by NIST and WILET 229 databases were confirmed as linanol oxide, S(+)5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl)-2-methyl-2-cyclohexanone, 2,6-di-t-buthyl 2,5-cyclohexadiene 1,4-dion, caryopillen, 2-cyclohexen-1-on-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(3-oxo-buthenyl), and ethyl octadecanoate.
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