PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION USING CaO/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS

I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra

I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra Faculty of Health, Science, and Technology, University of Dhyana Pura, Bali Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Biodisel adalah metil ester asam lemak yang dihasilkan melalui reaksi transesterifikasi antara minyak dan lemak dengan alkohol dalam kehadiran katalis. Dalam penelitian ini, pembuatan biodisel dari minyak jelantah dan metanol melalui reaksi transesterifikasi telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan katalis CaO/zeolit alam. Metode impregnasi basah dipilih untuk menyintesis katalis dengan cara mengaduk campuran zeolit alam dengan CaO dalam sistem refluks pada 90 ^oC selama 3 jam. Jumlah CaO terimpregnasi pada zeolit alam adalah 5%wt, 10%wt, dan 15%wt. Karakterisasi katalis menggunakan FTIR, XRD, dan N₂sorption analyzer menunjukkan bahwa katalis dengan 15%wt CaO yang terimpregnasi merupakan katalis yang paling baik. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan dalam variasi rasio molar minyak:metanol, waktu reaksi, dan jumlah katalis. Analisis menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan biodisel didominasi oleh metil palmitat, dan metil oleat. Konversi biodisel tertinggi ditemukan pada kondisi rasio minyak:metanol yaitu 1:15, waktu reaksi 5 jam, dan katalis 5%wt.

ABSTRACT: Biodiesel is fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) produced by transesterification reaction of oils and fats with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In this work, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and methanol by transesterification reaction has been successfully conducted using CaO/natural zeolite catalysts. Wet impregnation method was choosen to synthesize the catalyst by stirring the mixture of natural zeolites and CaO in reflux apparatus at 90 ^oC for 3 hours. The amount of CaO impregnated into natural zeolite were 5%wt, 10%wt, and 15%wt. The catalysts characterization using FTIR, XRD, and N₂ sorption analyzer showed that catalyst with 15%wt CaO impregnated into zeolites was the greatest one. Transesterification reaction was carried out in various oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time, and amount of catalyst. GC-MS analysis confirmed that the biodiesel contents were dominated by methyl palmitate and methyl oleate. The highest biodiesel conversion was found under condition of 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio, 5 hours of reaction time, and 5%wt of catalyst.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Sawangkeaw R., Tejvirat P., Ngamcharassrivichai C. and Ngamprasertsith S. Supercritical transesterification of palm oil and hydratedethanol in a fixed bed reactor with a CaO/Al2O3 catalyst. Energies. 2012, 5, 1062–1080.
[2] Vuppaladadiyam A.K., Sangeetha C.J. and Sowmya V. Transesterification of pongamiapinnata oil using base catalysts a laboratory scale study. Univers. J. Environ. Res. Technol. 2013, 3, 113–118.
[3] Mirie S.N., Thiongo G.T., Kioni P.N., Kariuki P.N. and Namaru W.S. Optimization of biodiesel production from cotton seed oil using KOH and NaOH as catalysts, Scientific Conference Proceedings. 2010, 285–293.
[4] Stojković I.J., Stamenković O.S., Povrenović D.S. and Veljković V.B. Purification technologies for crude biodiesel obtained by alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 2014, 32, 1–15.
[5] Nakagaki S., Bail A., dos Santos V.C., de Souza V.H.R., Vrubel H., Nunes F.S., and Ramos L.P. Use of anhydrous sodium molybdate as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for soybean oil methanolysis. Appl. Catal. A. 2008, 351, 267–274.
[6] Chouhan A.P.S. and Sarma A.K., Modern heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: a comprehensive review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2011, 15, 4378–4399.
[7] Gopal S. and Sajitha C.M. Production of biodiesel from vegetable oil using CaO catalyst and analysis of its performance in four stroke diesel engine. IJSER. 2013, 3, 1–6.
[8] Kostić M.D., Bazargan A., Stamenković O.S., Veljković V.B. and McKay G. Optimization and kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide-based catalyst derived from palm kernel shell biochar. Fuel. 2016, 163, 304–313.
[9] Reddy C., Reddy V., Oshel R. and Verkade J.G. Room-temperature conversion of soybean oil and poultry fat to biodiesel catalyzed by nanocrystalline calcium oxides. Energy & Fuels. 2006, 20, 1310–1314.
[10] Putri E. M. M., Rachimoellah M., Santoso N. and Pradana F. Biodiesel production from kapok seed oil (ceibapentandra) through the transesterification process by using CaO as catalyst. GJRE. 2012, 12.
[11] Albuquerque M.C.G., Jiménez-Urbistondo I., Santamaría-González J., et al. CaO supported on mesoporoussilicas as basic catalysts for transesterification reactions. Appl. Catal. A. 2008, 334, 35–43.
[12] Witoon T., Bumrungsalee S., Vathavanichkul P., Palitsakun S., Saisriyoot M., and Faungnawakij K. Biodiesel production from transesterification of palm oil with methanol over CaO supported on bimodal meso-macroporous silica catalyst. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 156 329–334.
[13] Jia L., Li Y., Chen J., Guo X., S. Lou, and Duan H. Montmorillonite-supported KF/CaO: a new solid base catalyst for biodiesel production. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2015, 42, 1791–1807.
[14] Endalew A. K., Kiros Y. and Zanzi R. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production from Jatrophacurcas oil (JCO). Energy. 2011, 36, 2693–2700.
[15] Bet-Moushoul E., Farhadi K., Mansourpanah Y., Nikbakht A.M., Molaei R. and Forough M. Application of CaO-Based Au nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalysts in biodiesel production. Fuel. 2015, 164, 119–127.
[16] Misriyani, Kunarti E.S. and Yasuda M. Synthesis of Mn(II)-Loaded TixSi1-XO4 Composite Acting as a Visible-Light Driven Photocatalyst. Indones. J. Chem., 2015, 15(1), 43-49.
[17] Wu H., Zhang J., Wei Q., Zheng J. and Zhang J. Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using zeolite supported CaO as strong base catalysts. Fuel Process. Technol. 2013, 109, 13–18.
[18] Srivastava A. and Prasad R. Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2000, 4, 111-133.
[19] Viriya-empikul N., Krasae P., Nualpaeng W., Yoosuk B. and Faungnawakij K. Biodiesel production over Ca-based solid catalysts derived from industrial wastes. Fuel. 2012, 92, 239–244.
[20] Shan R., Chen G., Yan B., Shi J. and Liu C. Porous Cao-based Catalyst derived from PSS-induced mineralization for biodiesel production enhancement. Energ. Convers. Manage. 2015, 106, 405–413.
[21] Chen G., Shan R., Yan B., Shi J., Li S. and Liu C. Remarkably enhancing the biodiesel yield from palm oil upon abalone shell-derived CaO catalysts treated by ethanol. Fuel Process. Technol. 2016, 143, 110–117.
[22] Tang Y., Chen G., Zhang J. and Lu Y. Highly active CaO for the transesterification to biodiesel production from rapeseed oil. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25, 37–42.
[23] Roschat W., Siritanon T., Yoosuk B. and Promarak V. Biodiesel production from palm oil using hydrated lime-derived CaO as a low-cost basic heterogeneous catalyst. Energ. Convers. Manage. 2016, 108, 459–467.