SINTESIS GRAFENA OKSIDA TEREDUKSI BERBAHAN DASAR CANGKANG BIJI KARET DAN SEKAM PADI SERTA KOMPOSITNYA DENGAN METODE HUMMER TERMODIFIKASI

Devi Indah Anwar; Lela Lailatul Khumaisah; Eri Rizki Haryadi

Devi Indah Anwar Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi Jl. R Syamsudin, SH NO 50, Cikole, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43113
Lela Lailatul Khumaisah Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi Jl. R Syamsudin, SH NO 50, Cikole, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43113
Eri Rizki Haryadi Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi Jl. R Syamsudin, SH NO 50, Cikole, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43113

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Grafena merupakan material dua dimensi monoatomik dari satu lapis grafit dengan ketebalan sekitar satu atom karbon yang memiliki transparansi optik hingga 97.7%. Kegunaan grafena diantaranya adalah sebagai antibakteri, adsorben, biosensor, dan kapasitor. Metode sintesis grafena sudah banyak dilakukan diantaranya menggunakan metode Chemical Vapor Decomposition (CVD), micromechanical ekfoliation (ME) dan metode Hummer. Namun beberapa metode tersebut memiliki banyak kekurangan yakni waktu yang diperlukan cukup lama, biaya yang relatif tinggi, serta dapat menghasilkan gas beracun seperti NO₂ dan N₂O₄. Alternatif metode yang dapat digunakan adalah metode Hummer termodifikasi dengan mengganti NaNO₃ dengan H₃PO₄ yang akan menghasilkan material grafena berupa grafena oksida tereduksi (rGO). Adapun bahan dasar sintesis grafena yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari cangkang biji karet (CBK) dan sekam padi (SP). Hal ini dikarenakan CBK mengandung 48.64% selulosa dan 21.60% lignin. Sedangkan 38% selulosa, 18% hemiselulosa, 22% lignin dan 19% silika oksida terkandung pada sekam padi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis grafena oksida tereduksi (rGO) dari cangkang biji karet, sekam padi dan komposit keduanya (KCS), serta mengkarakterisasi rGO yang terbentuk menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan FTIR. Berdasarkan hasil analisis XRD diperoleh sudut difraksi 2? dari rGO CBK, SP, dan KCS berturut-turut 23.5, 21.2, dan 24.3° dengan kristalinitas sebesar 17%, 13%, dan 10%. Hasil tersebut menunjukan sifat material yang amorf. Pada karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan perubahan struktur pada rGO setelah direduksi dengan berkurangnya atom O serta hilangnya gugus O-H yang terdapat pada rGO.

ABSTRACT: Graphene is a monoatomic two-dimensional material made of one layer of graphite with a thickness of about one carbon atom which has an optical transparency of up to 97.7%. The uses of graphene itself include being an antibacterial, adsorbent, biosensor, and capacitor. Many graphene synthesis methods have been carried out, including using the Chemical Vapor Decomposition (CVD) method, micromechanical exfoliation (ME) and the Hummer method. However, some of these methods have many drawbacks, namely the time required is quite long, the cost is relatively high and can produce toxic gases such as NO₂ and N₂O₄. An alternative method that can be used is the modified Hummer method by replacing NaNO₃ with H₃PO₄ and producing graphene material which is formed in the form of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), because it has a very good content. The content in the rubber seed shell is 48.64% cellulose and 21.60% lignin. Meanwhile, 38% cellulose, 18% hemicellulose, 22% lignin and 19% silica oxide are contained in rice husks. The aims of this study were to synthesize graphene from rubber seed shells, rice husks and their composite (KCS), as well as to characterize the rGO formed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and FTIR. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the diffraction angle of 2? from rGO CBK, SP, and KCS was 23.5, 21.2, and 24.3° respectively with crystallinities of 17%, 13%, and 10%. These results indicate the amorphous nature of the material. In FTIR characterization, it shows changes in the structure of rGO after being reduced by reducing O atoms and the loss of O-H groups present in rGO.

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