EKSPLORASI RASIO KONSENTRASI CAMPURAN ASAM BORAT DAN ASAM FOSFAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIFAT KETAHANAN API TERHADAP MATERIAL BERBASISKAN ORGANIK

Irvan Ariantono; M.A. Elita Hafizah; L.A. Affandi; D. W. Ananda; Azwar Manaf; M. Manawan; Andreas Andreas

Irvan Ariantono Prodi Teknologi Persenjataan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Kampus Pascasarjana Universitas Pertahanan, Jl.Salemba Raya No.14, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
M.A. Elita Hafizah Prodi Teknologi Persenjataan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Kampus Pascasarjana Universitas Pertahanan, Jl.Salemba Raya No.14, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
L.A. Affandi Prodi Teknologi Persenjataan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Kampus Pascasarjana Universitas Pertahanan, Jl.Salemba Raya No.14, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
D. W. Ananda Postgraduate Program of Material Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jl Salemba Raya No.4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Azwar Manaf Postgraduate Program of Material Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jl Salemba Raya No.4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
M. Manawan Prodi Teknologi Persenjataan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Kampus Pascasarjana Universitas Pertahanan, Jl.Salemba Raya No.14, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Andreas Andreas Indonesian Institute of Science, LIPI, Komplek PUSPITEK, Serpong, Banten 15314, Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Pada penelitian ini dilakukan investigasi efek dari variasi konsentrasi campuran senyawa asam borat dan asam fosfat sebagai flame retardant pada material organik kertas. Berdasarkan nilai batas kelarutan, asam borat (H₃BO₃) sebanyak 6,23 gram dilarutkan dalam 100 mL air deionisasi pada suhu 30°C disiapkan sebagai fasa awal. Larutan asam borat tersebut dilakukan pencampuran dengan asam fosfat (H₃PO₄) dengan rasio konsentrasi 99:1, 97:3, dan 95:5. Hasil campuran diidentifikasi dengan mengukur pH dan sifat ketahanan api. Sifat ketahanan api dipelajari melalui konsep pengujian pembakaran vertikal melalui parameter uji UL-94 dengan spesimen kertas. Arang hasil pembakaran dilakukan identifikasi dengan pengujian FTIR untuk mempelajari senyawa yang terbentuk pada arang dan SEM untuk mengidentifikasi morfologi dari arang yang terbentuk. Sifat pembakaran diperoleh pada sampel dengan konsentrasi 95wt% asam borat dan 5wt% asam fosfat merupakan sampel yang paling optimal sebagai flame retardant dan tidak bersifat korosif pada kertas.

ABSTRACT: The effect of ratio of boric acid (H₃BO₃) to phophoric acid (H₃PO₄) in their mixtures on flame retardancy for organic based materials was invertigated in this study. Boric acid of 6.23 gram was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water at 30^oC. Further, the boric acid was mixed with phosphoric acid to obtain the concentration ratio of 99: 1; 97: 3; and 95:5. The pH and fire retardancy of the mixtures were measured. The fire retardancy was investigated by testing the vertical combustion using UL-94 parameter with paper specimen. The obtained charcoal was analyzed by FTIR to get information of resulted compounds and SEM to identify the morphology of the charcoal. The optimal flame retardancy was obtained by using 95:5 as flame retardant without having corrosive on the paper specimen.

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