PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN HORSES IN EAST SUMBA DISTRICT
Abstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for trypanosomiasis in horses in East Sumba. The samples used were blood from 286 horses taken in the West and East Regions of East Sumba Regency. Blood sampling was carried out through the jugular vein. Diagnosis of trypanosomiasis is made by examining thin blood smears stained with 10% Giemsa. The risk factors for trypanosomiasis were studied by distributing specially designed questionnaires to farmers. The results showed that 2.10% of the samples were Trypanosoma evansi positive. The distribution of incidents spread to Lewa District (3.65%), Kota Waingapu District (1.72%), and Pahunga Lodu District (7.4%). The probability of trypanosomiasis infection based on the OR value is horse age more than 5 years (OR=3.185), availability/origin of drinking water (OR=2.821), method of rearing (OR=2.179), female sex (OR=1.256), location/origin of horses in the western region (OR=1.022), heavy livestock traffic (OR=0.979), and farmer's knowledge of surra (OR=0.222). Statistically these risk factors were not significantly different (P>0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to carry out active surveillance and control of trypanosomiasis in horses in East Sumba District. Further research is also needed with other diagnostic methods, such as the card agglutination test (CATT).
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References
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Selim A, Alafari HA, Attia K, AlKahtani MDF, Albohairy FM, Elsohaby I. 2022. Prevalence and animal level risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels. Sci. Rep. 12: 8933.
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Tehseen S, Jahan N, Desquesnes M, Shahzad MI, Qamar MF. 2016. Field investigation of Trypanosoma evansi and comparative analysis of diagnostic tests in horses from Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 41: 288-293.
Yamazaki A, Suganuma K, Kayano M, Acostac TJ, Saitoh T, Valinotti MFR, Sanchez AR, Inoue N. 2022. Risk factors for equine trypanosomosis and hematological analysis of horses in Paraguay. Acta Trop. 233: 106543.
Algehani AMG, Jaber FA, Khan A, Alsulami MN. 2021. Review on trypanosomiasis and their prevalence in some country on the Red Sea. Braz. J. Biol. 83: e251671.
Büscher P, Gonzatti MI, Hébert L, Inoue N, Pascucci I, Schnaufer A, Suganuma K, Touratier L, Reet NV. 2019. Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges. Parasites Vectors. 12: 234.
CIVAS. 2014. Trypanosomiasis (Surra). Center for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies. https://civas.net/2014/02/25/trypanosomiasis-surra/3/. Aksesed Wednesday, 7 December 2022, 4:56 PM.
Coen PG, Luckins AG, Davison HC, Woolhouse MEJ. 2001. Trypanosoma evansi in Indonesian buffaloes: evaluation of simple models of natural immunity to infection. Epidemiol. Infect. 126: 111-122.
Desquesnes M, Holzmuller P, Jittapalapong S, Dargantes A, Lai DH, Lun, ZR. 2013. Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects. BioMed Res. Int. 2013: 1-20.
Desquesnes M, Gonzatti M, Sazmand A, Thevenon S, Bossard G, Boulange A, Gimonneau G, Truc P, Herder S, Ravel S, Sereno D, Jamonneau V, Jittapalopong S, Jacquiet P, Solano P, Berthier D. 2022. A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses. Parasite Vectors. 15(1): 64.
Dewi RS, Damajanti R, Wardhana AH, Mulatsih S, Puisi ON, Steeneveld W, Hogeveen H. 2020. The economic losses of surra outbreak in Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur-Indonesia. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 43(1): 77-85.
Dia ML, Diop C, Aminetou M, Jacquiet P, Thiam A. 1997. Some factors affecting the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Mauritania. Vet. Parasitol. 72: 111-120.
Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan. 2014. Manual penyakit hewan mamalia. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan, Kementerian Pertanian.
Dongga RED. 2014. Adopsi teknologi pengendalian penyakit surra oleh peternak kuda di Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Bul. Vet.r Udayana. 6(1): 49-57.
Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA. 2013. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Trypanosoma evansi infection in horses in Peninsular Malaysia. Res. Vet. Sci. 94: 285-289.
Fesseha H, Eshetu E, Mathewos M, Tilante T. 2022. Study on bovine trypanosomiasis and associated risk factors in Benatsemay District, Southern Ethiopia. Environ. Health Insights. 16: 1-10.
Kirkwood BR, Sterne JAC. 2003. Essential medical statistics. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Mastra IK. 2011. Seroprevalensi trypanosomiasis di Pulau Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Bul. Vet. 23(79).
Mursalim MF, Ris A, Ardiyanti H. 2017. Deteksi Trypanosoma evansi pada kuda di Tempat Pemotongan Hewan Kecamatan Kelara Kabupaten Jeneponto. J. Agrisitem. 13(2): 88-96.
Ndiha MRM, Apsari IAP, Dwinata IM. 2018. Prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi Trypanosoma evansi pada kuda di Desa Kabaru, Kecamatan Rindi, Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Bul. Vet. Udayana. 10(1): 70-75.
Nurcahyo W, Yowi MRK, Hartati S, Prastowo J. 2019. The prevalence of horse trypanosomiasis in Sumba Island, Indonesia and its detection using card agglutination tests. Vet. World. 12(5): 646-652.
Okello I, Mafie E, Eastwood G, Nzalawahe J, Mboera LEG, Onyoyo S. 2022. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya. Hindawi J. Parasitol. Res. 5984376: 1-12.
Praing UYA, Suatha IK, Sampurna IP. 2019. Keragaman morfometri kuda pacu sandalwood (Equus caballus) di Pulau Sumba. Indon. Med. Vet. 8(1): 106-118.
Sabir N, Chaudhry ZI, Aslam A, Muhammad K, Shahid M, Hussain A, Khan SA, Ahmad I. 2018. A study on prevalence and molecular characterization of trypanosomal species infecting equines in Lahore region, Pakistan. J. Parasit Dis. 42(1): 96-101.
Sana K, Monia L, Ameni BS, Haikel H, Imed BS, Walid C, Bouabdella H, Bassem BHM, Hafedh D, Samed B, Makram O, Atef BH, Mohsen B, Taib K, Ammar J, Chedia S, Habib JM. 2022. Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia. Parasite Epidemiol. Cont. 16: e00231.
Selim A, Alafari HA, Attia K, AlKahtani MDF, Albohairy FM, Elsohaby I. 2022. Prevalence and animal level risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels. Sci. Rep. 12: 8933.
Sumbria D, Singla LD, Kumar R, Bal MS, Kaur P. 2017. Comparative seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in equines from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab (India). Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 36(3): 971-979.
Tehseen S, Jahan N, Desquesnes M, Shahzad MI, Qamar MF. 2016. Field investigation of Trypanosoma evansi and comparative analysis of diagnostic tests in horses from Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 41: 288-293.
Yamazaki A, Suganuma K, Kayano M, Acostac TJ, Saitoh T, Valinotti MFR, Sanchez AR, Inoue N. 2022. Risk factors for equine trypanosomosis and hematological analysis of horses in Paraguay. Acta Trop. 233: 106543.
Published
2023-03-02
How to Cite
PRAING, Umbu Yabu Anggung; APSARI, Ida Ayu Pasti; DHARMAWAN, Nyoman Sadra.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN HORSES IN EAST SUMBA DISTRICT.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 737-746, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/98246>. Date accessed: 29 june 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i05.p06.
Section
Articles
