DETECTION OF INFECTION ANAPLASMA SP., BORRELIA BURGDORFERI AND EHRLICHIA SP. IN THE DOG INFESTED WITH TICKS IN DENPASAR CITY
Abstract
This research has been conducted as its purpose is to detect the infection of Anaplasma sp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia sp. in dogs as well as it was manifested with ticks in Denpasar City. The detection of these parasites was conducted by serological examination, haematology test, and microscopic identification with blood smear. Blood samples were examined from 30 dogs which is belong to local society and it also invested with Rhipichepalus sanguineus. Serological examination was performed with SNAP® 4DX® Plus test kit. Haematology examination were using haematology analyzer I-CUBIO iCell-800 Vet®. The risk factor was learned by analyzing it with correlation to parasite infection case in dogs with a few factors which is considered being influenced. The result of serological examination shows that 22 of 30 dogs (73.3%) were positively reacted to Anaplasma sp. and Ehrlichia sp. but shown negative to Borrelia burgdorferi. In addition, haematology profile shown anemia, leucocytosis, leucopenia, lymphocitosis, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia, as well as abnormalities in blood cell morphology such as: poikilocytosis, and the presence of crenation. There is no correlation between blood pathogenic agents in this research to: age, breed, sex, origin, presence of other pets, or grooming management.
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References
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Cao WC, Zhao QM, Zhang PH, Yang H, Wu XM, Wen BH, Zhang XT, Habbema JD. 2003. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes persulcatus ticks from northeastern China. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68: 547-550.
Cardoso L, Mendao C, Carvalho LM. 2012. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Leishmania infantum in apparently healthy and CVBD-suspect dogs in Portugal–a national serological study. Parasit Vectors. 5: 62.
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Cohn LA. 2003. Ehrlichiosis and related infections. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Small Anim. Pract. 33: 863-884.
Dagnone AS, Morais HAS, Vidotto MC, Jojima FS, Vidotto O. 2003. Ehrlichiosis in anemic, thrombocytopenic or tick-infested dogs from a hospital population in South Brazil. Vet. Parasitol. 117: 285-290.
Dharmawan NS. 2002. Pengantar Patologi Klinik Veteriner Hematologi Klinik. Denpasar: Pelawa Sari.
Dyachenko V, Pantchev N, Balzer HJ, Meyersen A, Straubinger RK. 2012. First case of Anaplasma platys infection in a dog from Croatia. Parasit Vectors. 5: 49.
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Faizal MD, Haryanto A, Tjahajati I. 2019. Diagnosis and molecular characterization of Anaplasma platys in dog patients in Yogyakarta area, Indonesia. Indon. J. Biotechnol. 24(1): 43-50.
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Ferreira RF, Cerqueira AMF, Pereira AM, Ferreira MS, Almosny NRP. 2008. Hematologic parameters in polymerase chain reaction-positive and -negative dogs for Anaplasma platys presenting platelet inclusion body. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med. 6(3).
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Fukunuga M, Hamase A, Okada K, Inoue H, Tsuruta Y, Miyamoto K, Nakao M. 1996. Characterization of spirochetes isolated from ticks (Ixodes tanuki, Ixodes turdus and Ixodes columnae) and comparison of the sequences with those of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2338-2344.
Gaunt S, Beall M, Stillman B, Lorentzen L, Diniz P, Chandrashekar R, Breitschwerdt EB. 2010. Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia anis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings. Parasit Vectors. 3(1): 33.
Gökmen TG, Günaydın E, Turut N, Akın B, Koç O, Ütük AE. 2019. A Serosurvey on some canine vector-borne zoonoses (Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis and Leishmania spp.) in Osmaniye. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg. 14(2): 151-158.
Gray JS. 1998. The ecology of ticks transmitting Lyme borreliosis. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 22: 249–258.
Hadi UK, Soviana S, Pratomo IRC. 2016. Prevalence of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Indonesian dogs. J. Vet. Sci. Technol. 7(3): 1-7.
Harrus S, Warner T, Bark H. 1997a. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis - an update. Comp. Con. Ed. Pract. Vet. 19: 431-444.
Harrus S, Aroch I, Lavy E, Bark H. 1997b. Clinical manifestations of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia. Vet. Rec. 141: 247-250.
Harvey JW, Simpson CF, Gaskin JM. 1978. Cyclic thrombocytopenia induced by a Rickettsia-like agent in dogs. J. Infect. Dis. 137: 182-188.
Inokuma H, Raoult D, Brouqui P. 2000. Detection of Ehrlichia platys DNA in brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in Okinawa Island, Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 4219-4221.
Kaewmongkol G, Lukkana N, Yangtara S, Kaewmongkol S, Thengchaisri N, Sirinarumitr T, Fenwick SG. 2017. Association of Ehrlichia canis, Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and Anaplasma platys and severe anemia in dogs in Thailand. Vet. Microbiol. 201: 195-200.
Kawabata H, Masuzawa T, Yanagihara Y. 1993. Genomic analysis of Borrelia japonica sp. nov. isolated from Ixodes ovatus in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol. 37: 843-848.
Kim CM, Kim MS, Park MS, Park JH, Chae JS. 2003. Identification of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and A. bovis in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Ixodes persulcatus Ticks from Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 3: 17-26.
Kirkwood BR, Sterne JAC. 2004. Essential Medical Statistics, 2nd edn. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kurtenbach K, Peacey M, Rijpkema SG, Hoodless AN, Nuttall PA, Randolph SE. 1998. Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1169–1174.
Lau SF, Dolah RN, Mohammed K, Watanabe M, Rani AP. 2017. Canine vector borne diseases of zoonotic concern in three dog shelters in Peninsular Malaysia: The importance of preventive measures. Trop. Biomed. 34(1): 72-79.
McClure JC, Crothers ML, Schaefer JJ, Stanley PD, Needham GR, Ewing SA, Stich RW. 2010. Efficacy of a Doxycycline Treatment Regimen Initiated During Three Different Phases of Experimental Ehrlichiosis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 54(12): 5012–5020.
Movilla R, García C, Siebert S, Roura X. 2016. Countywide serological evaluation of canine prevalence for Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), Dirofilaria immitis and Ehrlichia canis in Mexico. Parasites Vectors. 9: 421.
Mrljak V, Kules J, Mihaljevic Z, Torti M, Gotic J, Crnogaj M, Zivicnjak T, Mayer I, Bhide M, Rafaj RB. 2017. Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Dis. 17(6).
Nair ADS, Cheng C, Ganta CK, Sanderson MW, Alleman AR, Munderloh UG, Ganta RR. 2016. Comparative Experimental Infection Study in Dogs with Ehrlichia canis, E.chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys and A.phagocytophilum. PLoS One. 11(2): e0148239.
Nakaghi ACH, Machado RZ, Costa MT, André MR, Baldani CD. 2008. Canine Ehrlichiosis: clinical, hematological, serological and molecular aspects. Ciência Rural. 38: 766-770.
Nesti DR, Baidowi A, Ariyanti F, Tjahajati I. 2018. Deteksi Penyakit Zoonosis Ehrlichiosis pada Pasien Anjing di Klinik Hewan Jogja. J. Nas. Teknol. Terapan. 2(2): 191-197.
Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Breitschwerdt EB. 2009. Managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern: part one. Trends Parasitol. 25: 157-163.
Perille AL, Matus RE. 1991. Canine ehrlichiosis in six dogs with persistently increased antibody titers. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 5(3):195–198.
Petrucelli JV, Bermúdez S. 2017. Clinical and Serological Evidence of Canine Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis in Urban and Rural Panama. An. Clin. Cytol. Pathol. 3(1): 1050.
Piratae S, Senawong P, Chalermchat P, Harnarsa W, Sae-Chue B. 2019. Molecular evidence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys and the association of infections with hematological responses in naturally infected dogs in Kalasin, Thailand, Vet. World. 12(1): 131-135.
Putra WG, Widyastuti SK, Batan IW. 2019. Laporan Kasus: Anaplasmosis dan Ehrlichiosis pada Anjing Kampung di Denpasar, Bali. Indon. Med. Vet. 8(4): 502-512.
Qurollo BA, Balakrishnan N, Cannon CZ, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. 2014. Co-infection with Anaplasma platys, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella koehlerae and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ in a cat diagnosed with splenic plasmacytosis and multiple myeloma. J. Feline Med. Surg. 16(8): 713–20.
Rahman WA, Ning CH, Chandrawathani P. 2010. Prevalence of canine ehrlichiosis in Perak State, Peninsular Malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 27: 13-18.
Sainz A, Tesouro MA, Amusategui I, Rodriguez F, Mazzucchelli F, Rodriguez M. 2000. Prospective comparative study of 3 treatment protocols using doxycycline or imidocarb dipropionate in dogs with naturally occurring ehrlichiosis. J. Vet Intern. Med. 14(2): 134–139.
Sainz A, Roura X, Miró G, Estrada-Peña A, Kohn B, Harrus S, Solano-Gallego L. 2015. Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasites Vectors. 8:75.
Santos AS, Alexandre N, Sousa R, Nuncio MS, Bacellar F, Dumler JS. 2009. Serological and molecular survey of Anaplasma species infection in dogs with suspected tickbornedisease in Portugal. Vet. Rec. 164(6): 168-171.
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Published
2022-01-29
How to Cite
PERAYADHISTA, Ni Made Devityasih; SURATMA, Nyoman Adi; DHARMAWAN, Nyoman Sadra.
DETECTION OF INFECTION ANAPLASMA SP., BORRELIA BURGDORFERI AND EHRLICHIA SP. IN THE DOG INFESTED WITH TICKS IN DENPASAR CITY.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 558-571, jan. 2022.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/62311>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2022.v14.i05.p16.
Section
Articles
