THE PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCE OF KAMBRO CROSSBREEDS OF FEMALE BROILER COBB 500 AND MALE PELUNG BLIRIK HITAM
Abstract
This research was conducted to measure the phenotypic performance of Kambro crossbreeds of Pelung Blirik Hitam and Broiler Cobb 500. Based on Body Weight (BT) measurement, Kambro population (n = 17) has an average BT of 1,244.14 ± 453.82 grams significant (p <0.01) to F1 Pelung (n = 7) with an average BT of 602.88 ± 79.93 grams in 8 weeks period with ad libitum diet of standard feed. Phenotypic performance of Kambro significant to F1 Pelung based on the measurement of linear bodyweight parameter, vitality parameter, PPa-PBe parameter and phenotype parameter. Kambro has the phenotype combination of parental generation based on phenotype parameter. PPa parameter was suitable BT estimation model based on non-linear quadratic regression (r = 0.956) with formula 1.84E3 ±3.54E2*x+31.73*x2. Difference between chicken group (p<0.014) was significant to BT and interaction between group and linear bodyweight parameter was not significant based on Analysis of Covariance. The mortality rate of Kambro was lower than F1Pelung with the absent of vaccination in semi-intensive rearing system. As the size of hybrids population was limited, research findings must be validated with larger population size of hybrids.
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References
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Bai H, Zhu J, Sun Y, Liu R, Liu N, Li D, Wen J, Chen J. 2014. Identification of genes related to beak deformity of chicken using digital gene expression profiling. PLoS ONE. 9(9): e107050.
Cheng HW. 2010. Breeding of tomorrow’s chickens to improve well-being. Poult. Sci. 89: 805-813.
Darwati S, Hasyim AR, Rukmiasih, Prabowo S. 2016. Growth performance of Pelung sentul kampung meat type chicken crossing on age 0-10 weeks. Marjuki, Ridlowi A, Jaya F,Susilowati T, Wittayakun S, Bottema CDK, Alimon AR, Hsia LC, Thiruvenkadan AK, editors. Proceeding of the 3rd Animal Production International Seminar (3rd APIS) & 3rd ASEAN Regional Conference on Animal Production (3rd ARCAP). Batu (Indones): Universitas Brawijaya. Pp. 484-487.
Daryono BS, Roosdianto I, Saragih HTS. 2010. Pewarisan karakter fenotip ayam hasil persilangan ayam Pelung dengan ayam cemani. J. Vet. 11(4): 257-263.
Das SC, Chowdhury SD, Khatun MA, Nishibori M, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. 2008. Poultry production profile and expected future projection in Bangladesh. World’s Poult. Sci. Assoc. 64: 99-118.
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Duguma R. 2006. Phenotypic characterization of some indigenous chicken ecotypes of Ethiopia. Livestock Res. Rural Dev. 18(9): 131.
El Ghany FAA, El Dein A, Soliman MM, Rezaa AM, El Sodany SM. 2011. Relationships between some body measurements and fertility in males of two local strains of chicken. Egypt Poult. Sci. 31:331-349.
Fahey AG, Marchant-Forde RM, Cheng HW. 2007. Relationship between body weight and beak characteristics in one-day-old White Leghorn chicks: Its Implications for Beak Trimming. Poult. Sci. 86: 1312-1315.
Fayeye TR, Hagan JK, Obadare AR. 2013. Morphometric traits and correlation between body weight and body size traits in Isa Brown and Ilorin ecotype chickens. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4(3): 609-614.
Gebriel GM, Kalamah MA, El-Fiky AA, Ali AFA. 2009. Some factors affecting semen quality traits in norfa cocks. Egypt Poult. Sci. 29: 677–693.
Hameed T, Mustafa MZ, Taj MK, Asadullah, Bajwa MA, Bukhar FA, Kiani MMT, Ahmed A. 2016. Hatchability and fertility in broiler breeder stock. J. Chem. Biol. Phy.Sci. 6(2): 266-274.
Han JC, Qu HX, Wang JG, Chen GH, Yan YP, Zhang JL, Hu FM, You LY, Cheng YH. 2015. Comparison of the growth and mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chicks. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 17(3): 333-340.
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Hassan KMd, Kabir HMd, Sultana S, Hossen AMd, Haq MM. 2016. Management and production performance of Cobb-500 broiler parent stock under open housing system. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 1(1): 66-72.
Hasyim AR. 2015. Performa hasil persilangan ayam kampung ras pedaging dengan Pelung sentul pada umur 0-11 minggu (Thesis). [Bogor: (Indonesia)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Henuk YL, Bakti D. 2018. Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia. Mohammad Basyuni, S. Hut., M.Si., Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Ir. Elisa Julianti, M.Si, editors. Conference Proceeding of Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Dies Natalis USU-64. Sumatera Utara (Indones): University of Sumatera Utara. Pp. 69-76.
Iskandar S. 2017. Petunjuk tenis produksi ayam lokal pedaging unggul (Program Perbibitan Tahun 2017). Edisi 2017. Bogor (Indonesia): Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan. Pp. 1-43.
Joller S, Bertschinger F, Kump E, Spiri A, von Rotz A, Schweizer-Gorgas D, Drogemuller C, Flury C. 2018. Crossed beaks in a local swiss chicken breed. BMC Vet. Res. 14: 68.
Kartika AA, Widayati KA, Burhanuddin, Ulfah A, Farajallah A. 2016. Eksplorasi preferensi masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan ayam lokal di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat. J. Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI). 21(3): 180-185.
Kerje S, Sharma P, Gunnarsson U, Kim H, Bagchi S, Fredriksson R, Schutz K, Jensen P, von Heijne G, Okimoto R, Andersson L. 2004. The dominant white, dun and smoky color variants in chicken are associated with insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the PMEL17 Gene. Genetics. 168: 1507-1518.
Mabelebele M, Norris D, Siwendu NA, Ng’ambi JW, Alabi OJ, Mbajiorgu CA. 2017. Bone morphometric parameters of the tibia and femur of indigenous and broiler chickens reared intensively. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 15(4): 1387-1398.
Mariandayani HN, Darwati S, Sutanto E, Sinaga E. 2017. Peningkatan produktivitas ayam lokal melalui persilangan tiga rumpun ayam lokal pada generasi kedua. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi 2017: Pendidikan Biologi untuk Masa Depan Bumi. Aceh (Indones): Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pp. 139-146.
Mariandayani HN, Solihin DD, Sulandari S, Sumantri C. 2013. Keragaman fenotipik dan pendugaan jarak genetik pada ayam lokal dan ayam broiler menggunakan analisis morfologi. J. Vet. 14(4): 475-484.
Nataamijaya AG. 2010. Pengembangan potensi ayam lokal untuk menunjang peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. J. Litbang. Pertanian. 29(4): 131 133.
Navara KJ, Anderson EM, Edwards ML. 2012. Comb size and color relate to sperm quality: a test of the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. 12: 1036-1041
Ningsih R, Prabowo DW. 2017. Tingkat integrasi pasar ayam broiler di sentra produksi utama: studi kasus Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat. Bul. Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan. 11(2): 247-270.
Nurfadillah S, Rachmina D, Kusnadi N. 2018. Impact of trade liberization on Indonesian broiler competitiveness. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agri. 43(4): 429-437.
Nurhuda SA. 2017. Pertumbuhan generasi ketiga hasil persilangan ayam lokal dengan ayam ras pedaging sampai umur 12 minggu (Thesis). [Bogor: (Indones)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nuroso. 2010. Ayam kampung pedaging hari per hari. Jakarta, Penebar Swadaya.
Oldenbroek K, van der Waaij L. 2014. Textbook animal breeding: animal breeding and genetics for bsc students. Centre for Genetic Resources (Netherlands): The Netherlands and Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre.
Pauwels J, Coopman F, Cools A, Michiels J, Fremaut D, de Smet S, Janssens GPJ. 2015. Selection for growth performance in broiler chickens associates with less diet flexibility. PLoS ONE. 10(6): e0127819.
Paxton H, Tickle PG, Rankin JW, Codd JR, Hutchinson JR. 2014. Anatomical and biomechanical traits of broiler chickens across ontogeny. Part ii. Body segment inertial properties and muscle architecture of the pelvic limb. Peer J. 2: e473.
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. 2015. Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Sub Sektor Peternakan Daging Ayam. [accessed: April 29th 2019]. http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id/download/file/213-outlook daging-ayam-2015
Rahman MR, Chowdhury SD, Hossain ME, Ahammed M. 2015. Growth and early laying performance of a broiler parent stock in an open-sided house under restricted feeding. Bangladesh J. Anim. Sci. 44(1): 40-45.
Semakula J, Lusembo P, Kugonza DR, Mutetikka D, Ssennyonjo J, Mwesigwa M. 2011. Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda. Livestock Res. Rural. Dev. 23(8).
Shim MY, Karnuah AB, Mitchell AD, Anthony NB, Pesti GM, Anggrey SE. 2012. The effects of growth rate on leg morphology and tibia breaking strength, mineral density, mineral content, and bone ash in broilers. Poult. Sci. 91: 1790-1795.
Sogindor BA. 2017. Performa pertumbuhan hasil persilangan ayam lokal dengan ayam ras pedaging umur 1 sampai 12 minggu (Thesis). [Bogor]: Institut Pertanian Bogor
Solikin T, Tanwiriah W, Asmara IY. 2016. Bobot akhir, bobot karkas, dan income over feed and chick cost ayam sentul Barokah Abadi Farm Ciamis. Stud. e-J. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. 5(4): 1-9.
Sudrajat, Isyanto AY. 2018. Keragaan peternakan ayam sentul di Kabupaten Ciamis. J. Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis. 4(2): 237-253.
Suprijatna E. 2010. Strategi pengembangan ayam lokal berbasis sumber daya lokal dan berwawasan lingkungan. Seminar Nasional Unggas Lokal ke IV. Sunarti D, Suprijatna E, Mahfudz LD, Sarengat W, Karno, Nuswantara LK, Surono, Sarjana TA, penyunting. Bogor (Indones): Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro. Pp. 55-88.
Tamzil MH, Lestari L, Indarsih B. 2018. Measurement of several qualitative traits and body size of Lombok Muscovy ducks (Cairina moshcata) in semi-intensive rearing. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Sci. 43(4): 333-342.
Udeh I, Ugwu SOC, Ogagifo NL. 2011. Predicting semen traits of local and exotic cocks using linear body measurements. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 5: 268–276.
Ukwu HO, Okoro VMO, Nosike RJ. 2014. Statistical modelling of body weight and linear body measurements in Nigerian indigenous chicken. IOSR J. Agri. Vet. Sci. 7(1): 27-30.
van der Pol CW, Molenaar R, Buitink CJ, van Roovert-Reijrink IAM, Maatjens CM, van den Brand H, Kemp B. 2015. Lighting schedule and dimming period in early life: consequences for broiler chicken leg bone development. Poult. Sci. 94: 2980-2988.
Xu J, Lin S, Gao X, Nie Q, Luo Q, Zhang X. 2017. Mapping of id locus for dermal shank melanin in a Chinese indigenous chicken breed. J. Gen. 96(6): 977-983.
Yakubu A, Kuje D, Okpeku M. 2009. Principal components as measures of size and shape in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Thai. J. Agri.Sci. 42(3): 167-176.
Anggitasari S, Sjofjan O, Djunaidi IH. 2016. Pengaruh beberapa jenis pakan komersial terhadap kinerja produksi kuantitatif dan kualitatif ayam pedaging. Bul. Peternakan. 40(3): 187-196.
Assan N. 2015. Methodology and factors influencing the association of body weight, performance parameters with linear body measurements assessment in poultry. Sci. J. Pure. Appl. Sci. 4(10): 200-210.
Bai H, Zhu J, Sun Y, Liu R, Liu N, Li D, Wen J, Chen J. 2014. Identification of genes related to beak deformity of chicken using digital gene expression profiling. PLoS ONE. 9(9): e107050.
Cheng HW. 2010. Breeding of tomorrow’s chickens to improve well-being. Poult. Sci. 89: 805-813.
Darwati S, Hasyim AR, Rukmiasih, Prabowo S. 2016. Growth performance of Pelung sentul kampung meat type chicken crossing on age 0-10 weeks. Marjuki, Ridlowi A, Jaya F,Susilowati T, Wittayakun S, Bottema CDK, Alimon AR, Hsia LC, Thiruvenkadan AK, editors. Proceeding of the 3rd Animal Production International Seminar (3rd APIS) & 3rd ASEAN Regional Conference on Animal Production (3rd ARCAP). Batu (Indones): Universitas Brawijaya. Pp. 484-487.
Daryono BS, Roosdianto I, Saragih HTS. 2010. Pewarisan karakter fenotip ayam hasil persilangan ayam Pelung dengan ayam cemani. J. Vet. 11(4): 257-263.
Das SC, Chowdhury SD, Khatun MA, Nishibori M, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. 2008. Poultry production profile and expected future projection in Bangladesh. World’s Poult. Sci. Assoc. 64: 99-118.
Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2017. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2017 Livestock and Animal Health Statistics 2017. [accessed: April 29th 2019]. http://ditjenpkh.pertanian.go.id/userfiles/File/Buku_Statistik_2017_(ebook).pdf?time=150512744 3012
Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2018. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2018 Livestock and Animal Health Statistics 2018. [accessed: April 29th 2019]. http://ditjenpkh.pertanian.go.id/userfiles/File/Buku_Statistik_2017_(ebook).pdf?time=150512744 3012
Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. 2007. Keanekaragaman sumber daya hayati ayam lokal Indonesia: manfaat dan potensi. Bogor (Indones): Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.
Duguma R. 2006. Phenotypic characterization of some indigenous chicken ecotypes of Ethiopia. Livestock Res. Rural Dev. 18(9): 131.
El Ghany FAA, El Dein A, Soliman MM, Rezaa AM, El Sodany SM. 2011. Relationships between some body measurements and fertility in males of two local strains of chicken. Egypt Poult. Sci. 31:331-349.
Fahey AG, Marchant-Forde RM, Cheng HW. 2007. Relationship between body weight and beak characteristics in one-day-old White Leghorn chicks: Its Implications for Beak Trimming. Poult. Sci. 86: 1312-1315.
Fayeye TR, Hagan JK, Obadare AR. 2013. Morphometric traits and correlation between body weight and body size traits in Isa Brown and Ilorin ecotype chickens. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4(3): 609-614.
Gebriel GM, Kalamah MA, El-Fiky AA, Ali AFA. 2009. Some factors affecting semen quality traits in norfa cocks. Egypt Poult. Sci. 29: 677–693.
Hameed T, Mustafa MZ, Taj MK, Asadullah, Bajwa MA, Bukhar FA, Kiani MMT, Ahmed A. 2016. Hatchability and fertility in broiler breeder stock. J. Chem. Biol. Phy.Sci. 6(2): 266-274.
Han JC, Qu HX, Wang JG, Chen GH, Yan YP, Zhang JL, Hu FM, You LY, Cheng YH. 2015. Comparison of the growth and mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chicks. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 17(3): 333-340.
Hasnelly, Iskandar S, Sartika T. 2017. Karakteristik kualitatif dan kuantitatif ayam SenSi-1 Agrinak. JITV. 22(2): 68-79.
Hassan KMd, Kabir HMd, Sultana S, Hossen AMd, Haq MM. 2016. Management and production performance of Cobb-500 broiler parent stock under open housing system. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 1(1): 66-72.
Hasyim AR. 2015. Performa hasil persilangan ayam kampung ras pedaging dengan Pelung sentul pada umur 0-11 minggu (Thesis). [Bogor: (Indonesia)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Henuk YL, Bakti D. 2018. Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia. Mohammad Basyuni, S. Hut., M.Si., Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Ir. Elisa Julianti, M.Si, editors. Conference Proceeding of Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Dies Natalis USU-64. Sumatera Utara (Indones): University of Sumatera Utara. Pp. 69-76.
Iskandar S. 2017. Petunjuk tenis produksi ayam lokal pedaging unggul (Program Perbibitan Tahun 2017). Edisi 2017. Bogor (Indonesia): Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan. Pp. 1-43.
Joller S, Bertschinger F, Kump E, Spiri A, von Rotz A, Schweizer-Gorgas D, Drogemuller C, Flury C. 2018. Crossed beaks in a local swiss chicken breed. BMC Vet. Res. 14: 68.
Kartika AA, Widayati KA, Burhanuddin, Ulfah A, Farajallah A. 2016. Eksplorasi preferensi masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan ayam lokal di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat. J. Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI). 21(3): 180-185.
Kerje S, Sharma P, Gunnarsson U, Kim H, Bagchi S, Fredriksson R, Schutz K, Jensen P, von Heijne G, Okimoto R, Andersson L. 2004. The dominant white, dun and smoky color variants in chicken are associated with insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the PMEL17 Gene. Genetics. 168: 1507-1518.
Mabelebele M, Norris D, Siwendu NA, Ng’ambi JW, Alabi OJ, Mbajiorgu CA. 2017. Bone morphometric parameters of the tibia and femur of indigenous and broiler chickens reared intensively. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 15(4): 1387-1398.
Mariandayani HN, Darwati S, Sutanto E, Sinaga E. 2017. Peningkatan produktivitas ayam lokal melalui persilangan tiga rumpun ayam lokal pada generasi kedua. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi 2017: Pendidikan Biologi untuk Masa Depan Bumi. Aceh (Indones): Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pp. 139-146.
Mariandayani HN, Solihin DD, Sulandari S, Sumantri C. 2013. Keragaman fenotipik dan pendugaan jarak genetik pada ayam lokal dan ayam broiler menggunakan analisis morfologi. J. Vet. 14(4): 475-484.
Nataamijaya AG. 2010. Pengembangan potensi ayam lokal untuk menunjang peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. J. Litbang. Pertanian. 29(4): 131 133.
Navara KJ, Anderson EM, Edwards ML. 2012. Comb size and color relate to sperm quality: a test of the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. 12: 1036-1041
Ningsih R, Prabowo DW. 2017. Tingkat integrasi pasar ayam broiler di sentra produksi utama: studi kasus Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat. Bul. Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan. 11(2): 247-270.
Nurfadillah S, Rachmina D, Kusnadi N. 2018. Impact of trade liberization on Indonesian broiler competitiveness. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agri. 43(4): 429-437.
Nurhuda SA. 2017. Pertumbuhan generasi ketiga hasil persilangan ayam lokal dengan ayam ras pedaging sampai umur 12 minggu (Thesis). [Bogor: (Indones)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nuroso. 2010. Ayam kampung pedaging hari per hari. Jakarta, Penebar Swadaya.
Oldenbroek K, van der Waaij L. 2014. Textbook animal breeding: animal breeding and genetics for bsc students. Centre for Genetic Resources (Netherlands): The Netherlands and Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre.
Pauwels J, Coopman F, Cools A, Michiels J, Fremaut D, de Smet S, Janssens GPJ. 2015. Selection for growth performance in broiler chickens associates with less diet flexibility. PLoS ONE. 10(6): e0127819.
Paxton H, Tickle PG, Rankin JW, Codd JR, Hutchinson JR. 2014. Anatomical and biomechanical traits of broiler chickens across ontogeny. Part ii. Body segment inertial properties and muscle architecture of the pelvic limb. Peer J. 2: e473.
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. 2015. Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Sub Sektor Peternakan Daging Ayam. [accessed: April 29th 2019]. http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id/download/file/213-outlook daging-ayam-2015
Rahman MR, Chowdhury SD, Hossain ME, Ahammed M. 2015. Growth and early laying performance of a broiler parent stock in an open-sided house under restricted feeding. Bangladesh J. Anim. Sci. 44(1): 40-45.
Semakula J, Lusembo P, Kugonza DR, Mutetikka D, Ssennyonjo J, Mwesigwa M. 2011. Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda. Livestock Res. Rural. Dev. 23(8).
Shim MY, Karnuah AB, Mitchell AD, Anthony NB, Pesti GM, Anggrey SE. 2012. The effects of growth rate on leg morphology and tibia breaking strength, mineral density, mineral content, and bone ash in broilers. Poult. Sci. 91: 1790-1795.
Sogindor BA. 2017. Performa pertumbuhan hasil persilangan ayam lokal dengan ayam ras pedaging umur 1 sampai 12 minggu (Thesis). [Bogor]: Institut Pertanian Bogor
Solikin T, Tanwiriah W, Asmara IY. 2016. Bobot akhir, bobot karkas, dan income over feed and chick cost ayam sentul Barokah Abadi Farm Ciamis. Stud. e-J. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. 5(4): 1-9.
Sudrajat, Isyanto AY. 2018. Keragaan peternakan ayam sentul di Kabupaten Ciamis. J. Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis. 4(2): 237-253.
Suprijatna E. 2010. Strategi pengembangan ayam lokal berbasis sumber daya lokal dan berwawasan lingkungan. Seminar Nasional Unggas Lokal ke IV. Sunarti D, Suprijatna E, Mahfudz LD, Sarengat W, Karno, Nuswantara LK, Surono, Sarjana TA, penyunting. Bogor (Indones): Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro. Pp. 55-88.
Tamzil MH, Lestari L, Indarsih B. 2018. Measurement of several qualitative traits and body size of Lombok Muscovy ducks (Cairina moshcata) in semi-intensive rearing. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Sci. 43(4): 333-342.
Udeh I, Ugwu SOC, Ogagifo NL. 2011. Predicting semen traits of local and exotic cocks using linear body measurements. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 5: 268–276.
Ukwu HO, Okoro VMO, Nosike RJ. 2014. Statistical modelling of body weight and linear body measurements in Nigerian indigenous chicken. IOSR J. Agri. Vet. Sci. 7(1): 27-30.
van der Pol CW, Molenaar R, Buitink CJ, van Roovert-Reijrink IAM, Maatjens CM, van den Brand H, Kemp B. 2015. Lighting schedule and dimming period in early life: consequences for broiler chicken leg bone development. Poult. Sci. 94: 2980-2988.
Xu J, Lin S, Gao X, Nie Q, Luo Q, Zhang X. 2017. Mapping of id locus for dermal shank melanin in a Chinese indigenous chicken breed. J. Gen. 96(6): 977-983.
Yakubu A, Kuje D, Okpeku M. 2009. Principal components as measures of size and shape in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Thai. J. Agri.Sci. 42(3): 167-176.
Published
2019-08-31
How to Cite
MAHARDHIKA, I Wayan Swarautama; DARYONO, Budi Setiadi.
THE PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCE OF KAMBRO CROSSBREEDS OF FEMALE BROILER COBB 500 AND MALE PELUNG BLIRIK HITAM.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 188-202, aug. 2019.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/49874>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2019.v11.i02.p12.
Section
Articles
