Efek Neem Gum Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus yang Diinduksi Streptozotosin
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https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i05.p35
Abstrak
Terapi farmakologi untuk diabetes, yang terutama terdiri dari bahan kimia, masih menimbulkan banyak efek samping. Banyaknya efek samping terapi farmakologis untuk diabetes telah melahirkan inovasi terapi alternatif diabetes dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan yang berasal dari alam. Salah satu bahan alami yang memiliki efek antihiperglikemia adalah getah nimba (NG), atau getah tanaman nimba (Azadirachta indica). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh NG terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Selain itu, penelitian ini memiliki enam kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal dan kelompok dengan dosis 0, 3,75, 7,5, 15, dan 30 gram/kgBB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NG menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus diabetes. Uji-t berpasangan menunjukkan penurunan glukosa darah yang signifikan pada semua kelompok yang diberikan NG kecuali untuk kelompok dosis 3,75 (P<0,05). Dosis efektif minimum dan maksimum NG dihitung menggunakan uji regresi kuadrat dengan persamaan y = 1,059x2–46,576x+408. Dengan target kadar glukosa darah antara 80 dan 126 mg/dL, dosis efektif minimum dan maksimum NG diperoleh dalam kisaran 12-15 mg/dL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian NG pada tikus diabetes dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Diperlukan adanya studi fitokimia dan penelitian dengan pemeriksaan serial dengan menggunakan rentang dosis efektif neem gum.
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Referensi
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Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, Cypriyana PJ, Kajal P, Sathiyasree M, Saigeetha S, Dhas TS, Anand DA, Sabesan, GS, Muthuvenkatachala BS, Mohanty BK, Visvanathan S. 2022. Purification and characterization of gum-derived polysaccharides of moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica and their applications as plant stimulants and bio-pesticidal agents. Molecules. 27(12): 3720.
Steinert RE, Feinle-Bisset C, Asarian L, Horowitz M, Beglinger C, Geary N. 2017. Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, PYY (3-36): secretory controls and physiological roles in eating and glycemia in health, obesity, and after RYGB. Physiol. Rev. 97(1): 411-463.
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Wiyono HT, Utami ET, and Wardhani DWP. 2021. Effect of baluran gum arabic on blood glucose level in diabetic rat (Rattus novergicus). Berkala Sainstek, 9(2): 81-85.
World Health Organization. 2018. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable diseases. [Diakses pada 12 November 2022].
Wulandari P, Ramadani AF, Suryono, Santosa A. 2022. Effective dose of moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) to descrease total cholesterol levels in streptozotocin-induced male wistar rats. J. Agromed. Med. Sci. 8(2): 102-107.
Bashar K, Humaidan NH, Addai ZR. 2021. Effect of gum arabic and olive leaf extract on blood sugar and antioxidant level in healthy and experimental diabetic male rats. Nat. Volat. Essen. Oils. 8(6): 532–539.
Besten G, Van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. 2013. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 54(9): 2325–2340.
Darajat A, Sakinah EN, Hairrudin. 2019. Efek kandungan serat beras analog terhadap ekspresi GLUT4 otot rangka tikus diabetes. J. Gizi Klin. Indon. 16(1): 14-21.
Dewi M, Suryono, Wulandari P. 2022. Aktivitas renoprotektif daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) pada tikus model diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Pharmascience. 9(2): 199-210.
Dewi M, Wijaya I, Wijayahadi N. 2011. Ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum) dan ekspresi insulin serta derajat insulitis pankreas tikus sprague dawley yang diinduksi streptozotocin. Media Med. Indon. 45(2): 105–112.
Elgebaly MM, Arreguin J, Storke N. 2019. Targets, treatments, and outcomes updates in diabetic stroke. J. Stroke Cerebrovascular Dis. 28(6): 1413–1420.
Fardhani, IM and Graciella C. 2023. Potensi aktivitas antidiabetes daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum): literature review. Prepotif: J. Kes. Mas. 7(1): 564–574.
Firdaus J, Febianti Z, Hidayat MRF, Sakinah EN. 2022. Efek neem gum (Azadirachta indica) terhadap kadar sgot sgpt tikus wistar yang diinduksi diazinon. J. Nut. College. 11(3): 258-263.
Firdaus J, Sulistiyaningsih E, Subagio A. 2018. Resistant starch modified cassava flour (MOCAF) improves insulin resistance. Asian J. Clin. Nutr. 10(1): 32-36.
Hameed S, Kumar P, Kumar M, Mohan L, Dikshit, H. 2022. Evaluation of suspected adverse drug reactions of oral anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar, India: an observational study. Panacea J. Med. Sci. 12(1): 172–176.
Husna F, Suyatna, FD, Arozal W, Purwaningsih EH. 2019. Model hewan coba pada penelitian diabetes. Pharm. Sci. Res. 6(3): 131–41.
Indonesian Society of Endocrinology (PERKENI). 2021. Management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Indonesia. PB PERKENI.
International Diabetes Federation. 2021. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation.
Kalaskar MG, Mutha RE, Tatiya AU, Firke SD, Surana SJ, Dhoka KA, Heda K. 2021. Purification and modification of neem gum for enhancement of its suspending property. Futur. J. Pharm. Sci. 7: 114.
Malviya R, Sharma PK, Dubey SK. 2017. Antioxidant potential and emulsifying properties of neem (Azadirachita indica, family meliaceae) gum polysaccharide. Pharm. Anal. Acta. 8(8): 1-7.
Metwally N. 2012. Chemical constituents of the egyptian plant anabasis articulata (forssk) moq and its antidiabetic effects on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic hepatopathy. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2(4): 54–65.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. 2020. Diabetes Situation and Analysis. Center for Data and Information of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mirghani MES, Elnour AAM, Kabbashi NA, Alam Z. 2018. Determination of antioxidant activity of gum arabic: an exudation from two different locations. Sci. Asia. 44(3): 179–186.
Moenim ME, Hassan EA, Osman ME. 2018. Characterization and rheological behavior of neem gum (Azadirachta indica). Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6(3): 1977–1981.
Nasir O, Artunc F, Wang K, Rexhepaj R, Föller M, Ebrahim A, Kempe DS, Biswas R, Bhandaru M, Walter M, Mohebbi N, Wagner CA, Saeed AM, Lang F. 2010. Downregulation of mouse intestinal Na (+) coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 by gum arabic (Acacia Senegal). Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: Int. J. Exp. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25(2-3): 203–210.
Noena RAN, Thahir Z, Base NH, Fahriani. 2020. Aktivitas antihiperglikemia minyak kluwak pada hewan uji mencit (Mus musculus). J. Kes. Yamasi Makassar. 4(1): 40–46.
Padugupati S, Rhamoorthy S, Thangavelu K, Sharma D, and Jamadar D. 2021. Effective dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes mellitus and variation of biophysical and biochemical parameters in albino wistar rats. J. Clin. Diag. Res. 15(10): 1–5.
Putra RJS, Achmad A, Rachma HP. 2017. Kejadian efek samping potensial terapi obat anti diabetes pasien diabetes melitus berdasarkan algoritma naranjo, Pharm. J. Indon. 2(2): 45–50.
Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, Cypriyana PJ, Kajal P, Sathiyasree M, Saigeetha S, Dhas TS, Anand DA, Sabesan, GS, Muthuvenkatachala BS, Mohanty BK, Visvanathan S. 2022. Purification and characterization of gum-derived polysaccharides of moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica and their applications as plant stimulants and bio-pesticidal agents. Molecules. 27(12): 3720.
Steinert RE, Feinle-Bisset C, Asarian L, Horowitz M, Beglinger C, Geary N. 2017. Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, PYY (3-36): secretory controls and physiological roles in eating and glycemia in health, obesity, and after RYGB. Physiol. Rev. 97(1): 411-463.
Tripathi V, Verma J. 2014. Different models used to induce diabetes: a comprehensive review article. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6(6): 29-32.
Widyawati R, Ayomi BDS. 2015. The comparison of ketamine, xylazine, and ketamine-xylazine xombination to rat (Rattus norvegicus). J. Vitek Bidang Ked. Hewan. (5): 42–45.
Wiyono HT, Utami ET, and Wardhani DWP. 2021. Effect of baluran gum arabic on blood glucose level in diabetic rat (Rattus novergicus). Berkala Sainstek, 9(2): 81-85.
World Health Organization. 2018. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable diseases. [Diakses pada 12 November 2022].
Wulandari P, Ramadani AF, Suryono, Santosa A. 2022. Effective dose of moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) to descrease total cholesterol levels in streptozotocin-induced male wistar rats. J. Agromed. Med. Sci. 8(2): 102-107.
Diterbitkan
2023-07-23
##submission.howToCite##
FARDHANI, Ichlasul Mahdi et al.
Efek Neem Gum Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus yang Diinduksi Streptozotosin.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 982-990, july 2023.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Tersedia pada: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/104260>. Tanggal Akses: 14 oct. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i05.p35.
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