THE EFFECT OF NEEM GUM ON THE REDUCTION IN RAT BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN
Abstract
Pharmacological therapy for diabetes, which is primarily made up of chemicals, still causes a lot of side effects. The numerous side effects of pharmacological therapy for diabetes have generated innovations in alternative diabetes therapies using ingredients derived from nature. One of the natural ingredients with an anti-hyperglycemia effect is neem gum (NG), or the sap of the neem plant (Azadirachta indica). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of NG on the reduction of blood glucose levels. Moreover, this study had six groups, including a normal control group and groups with doses of 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30 grams/kgBW. The results showed that NG reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The paired t-test showed a significant reduction in blood glucose in all groups administered NG except for the dose 3.75 group (P<0.05). The minimum and maximum effective doses of NG were calculated using the quadratic regression test with the equation y = 1.059x2–46.576x+408. With a target blood glucose level of between 80 and 126 mg/dL, the minimum and maximum effective doses of NG were obtained in the range of 12–15 mg/dL. This study concluded that administering NG to diabetic rats can reduce blood glucose levels. Phytochemical studies and research are needed with serial examinations using the effective dose range of neem gum.
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References
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Bashar K, Humaidan NH, Addai ZR. 2021. Effect of gum arabic and olive leaf extract on blood sugar and antioxidant level in healthy and experimental diabetic male rats. Nat. Volat. Essen. Oils. 8(6): 532–539.
Besten G, Van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. 2013. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 54(9): 2325–2340.
Darajat A, Sakinah EN, Hairrudin. 2019. Efek kandungan serat beras analog terhadap ekspresi GLUT4 otot rangka tikus diabetes. J. Gizi Klin. Indon. 16(1): 14-21.
Dewi M, Suryono, Wulandari P. 2022. Aktivitas renoprotektif daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) pada tikus model diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Pharmascience. 9(2): 199-210.
Dewi M, Wijaya I, Wijayahadi N. 2011. Ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum) dan ekspresi insulin serta derajat insulitis pankreas tikus sprague dawley yang diinduksi streptozotocin. Media Med. Indon. 45(2): 105–112.
Elgebaly MM, Arreguin J, Storke N. 2019. Targets, treatments, and outcomes updates in diabetic stroke. J. Stroke Cerebrovascular Dis. 28(6): 1413–1420.
Fardhani, IM and Graciella C. 2023. Potensi aktivitas antidiabetes daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum): literature review. Prepotif: J. Kes. Mas. 7(1): 564–574.
Firdaus J, Febianti Z, Hidayat MRF, Sakinah EN. 2022. Efek neem gum (Azadirachta indica) terhadap kadar sgot sgpt tikus wistar yang diinduksi diazinon. J. Nut. College. 11(3): 258-263.
Firdaus J, Sulistiyaningsih E, Subagio A. 2018. Resistant starch modified cassava flour (MOCAF) improves insulin resistance. Asian J. Clin. Nutr. 10(1): 32-36.
Hameed S, Kumar P, Kumar M, Mohan L, Dikshit, H. 2022. Evaluation of suspected adverse drug reactions of oral anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar, India: an observational study. Panacea J. Med. Sci. 12(1): 172–176.
Husna F, Suyatna, FD, Arozal W, Purwaningsih EH. 2019. Model hewan coba pada penelitian diabetes. Pharm. Sci. Res. 6(3): 131–41.
Indonesian Society of Endocrinology (PERKENI). 2021. Management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Indonesia. PB PERKENI.
International Diabetes Federation. 2021. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation.
Kalaskar MG, Mutha RE, Tatiya AU, Firke SD, Surana SJ, Dhoka KA, Heda K. 2021. Purification and modification of neem gum for enhancement of its suspending property. Futur. J. Pharm. Sci. 7: 114.
Malviya R, Sharma PK, Dubey SK. 2017. Antioxidant potential and emulsifying properties of neem (Azadirachita indica, family meliaceae) gum polysaccharide. Pharm. Anal. Acta. 8(8): 1-7.
Metwally N. 2012. Chemical constituents of the egyptian plant anabasis articulata (forssk) moq and its antidiabetic effects on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic hepatopathy. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2(4): 54–65.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. 2020. Diabetes Situation and Analysis. Center for Data and Information of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mirghani MES, Elnour AAM, Kabbashi NA, Alam Z. 2018. Determination of antioxidant activity of gum arabic: an exudation from two different locations. Sci. Asia. 44(3): 179–186.
Moenim ME, Hassan EA, Osman ME. 2018. Characterization and rheological behavior of neem gum (Azadirachta indica). Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6(3): 1977–1981.
Nasir O, Artunc F, Wang K, Rexhepaj R, Föller M, Ebrahim A, Kempe DS, Biswas R, Bhandaru M, Walter M, Mohebbi N, Wagner CA, Saeed AM, Lang F. 2010. Downregulation of mouse intestinal Na (+) coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 by gum arabic (Acacia Senegal). Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: Int. J. Exp. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25(2-3): 203–210.
Noena RAN, Thahir Z, Base NH, Fahriani. 2020. Aktivitas antihiperglikemia minyak kluwak pada hewan uji mencit (Mus musculus). J. Kes. Yamasi Makassar. 4(1): 40–46.
Padugupati S, Rhamoorthy S, Thangavelu K, Sharma D, and Jamadar D. 2021. Effective dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes mellitus and variation of biophysical and biochemical parameters in albino wistar rats. J. Clin. Diag. Res. 15(10): 1–5.
Putra RJS, Achmad A, Rachma HP. 2017. Kejadian efek samping potensial terapi obat anti diabetes pasien diabetes melitus berdasarkan algoritma naranjo, Pharm. J. Indon. 2(2): 45–50.
Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, Cypriyana PJ, Kajal P, Sathiyasree M, Saigeetha S, Dhas TS, Anand DA, Sabesan, GS, Muthuvenkatachala BS, Mohanty BK, Visvanathan S. 2022. Purification and characterization of gum-derived polysaccharides of moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica and their applications as plant stimulants and bio-pesticidal agents. Molecules. 27(12): 3720.
Steinert RE, Feinle-Bisset C, Asarian L, Horowitz M, Beglinger C, Geary N. 2017. Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, PYY (3-36): secretory controls and physiological roles in eating and glycemia in health, obesity, and after RYGB. Physiol. Rev. 97(1): 411-463.
Tripathi V, Verma J. 2014. Different models used to induce diabetes: a comprehensive review article. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6(6): 29-32.
Widyawati R, Ayomi BDS. 2015. The comparison of ketamine, xylazine, and ketamine-xylazine xombination to rat (Rattus norvegicus). J. Vitek Bidang Ked. Hewan. (5): 42–45.
Wiyono HT, Utami ET, and Wardhani DWP. 2021. Effect of baluran gum arabic on blood glucose level in diabetic rat (Rattus novergicus). Berkala Sainstek, 9(2): 81-85.
World Health Organization. 2018. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable diseases. [Diakses pada 12 November 2022].
Wulandari P, Ramadani AF, Suryono, Santosa A. 2022. Effective dose of moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) to descrease total cholesterol levels in streptozotocin-induced male wistar rats. J. Agromed. Med. Sci. 8(2): 102-107.
Published
2023-07-23
How to Cite
FARDHANI, Ichlasul Mahdi et al.
THE EFFECT OF NEEM GUM ON THE REDUCTION IN RAT BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN.
Buletin Veteriner Udayana, [S.l.], p. 982-990, july 2023.
ISSN 2477-2712.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/104260>. Date accessed: 17 june 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2023.v15.i05.p35.
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Articles
