Identification of Free Radical in Main Stream Cigarette Smoke in Cigarette with Clove mix (Kretek) and Cigarette without Clove mix (White)
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals. Cigarette smoke is a component of Aerosols and free gases that contain large amounts of chemical compounds. Cigarette smoke can be divided into two: main smoke and side smoke. The main smoke of cigarettes inhaled by smokers is known to cause a buildup of harmful substances and causes of oxidative stress so that research is carried out using ESR Leybold Heraeus. The sample used is a smoke sample from two types of cigarettes that are popular in Indonesia. The measurement is done by pulling smoke directly into the measurement tube. Then the resonance pattern is observed and the external magnetic field is calculated and the value of the lande factor is based on frequency and current data. Measurements result showed resonance in both types of cigarettes, at a frequency of 32.4-70.8 MHz and obtained values of lande factors that vary and have a value between 1.9-2.1 with two acquisition values that are outside the range that is 1.8368; and 2.2060. There are differences in the number of resonances that occur for each sample. This difference can be due to differences in the constituent of content and the texture of cigarettes which can affect the results of the combustion process.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] MF. Dube and CR. Green, Methods Of Collection Of Smoke For Analytical Purposes, Recent Advances in Tobacco Science: Formation, Analysis, and Composition of Tobacco Smoke, Vol. 8 1982, pp. 42-102.
[2] Alan Rodgman. T, The Chemical Components of Tobacco, CRC Press, USA, 2009.
[3] J.E. Harris, Smoking And Tobacco Control, Monograph No. 7, chapter 5, 1994, available from: https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/7/index.html. [Cited 2020 May 29].
[4] A. Valavanidis, dkk, Tobako Smoke: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Stabel Free Radikals in Mechanisms of Oxidative Damage Carcinogenesis and Synergistic Effects with Other Respirable Particle, Internasional journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2009.
[5] R. Goel, Tobacco Smoke Free Radicals and Related Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 112, Supplement 1, November 2017, pp. 130-131.
[6] R. West, Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychology & Health, Vol. 32, No. 8, 2017, pp. 1018-1036.
[7] J. Hirsch. 2016. More: Zeeman Effect. Available from: https:/ /courses. physics.ucsd .edu/2016/Spring/ physics4e/zeeman. pdf. [cited 2020 June 5].
[8] E. N, Kaufman, Characterization of Materials, 2 volume set. John Willey and Son, USA, 2003.
[9] R.E. Catherine A, Techniques in Free Radical Research, Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 22, 1991, pp. 51-100.
[10] C.T. Sebens, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, Vol. 68, 2019, pp. 40-50.
[11] P.H. Rieger, Electron Spin Resonance Analysis and Interpretation, Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2007.
[12] J.A.Weil and J.R. Bolton, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Elementary and Practical Application, John Willey and Sons, 2007.
[13] R.R. Baker, Smoke generation inside a burning cigarette:Modifying combustion to develop cigarettes that may be less hazardous to health, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 32, 2006, pp. 373-385.
[14] P. Chen, Chemistry of Cigarette Burning Processes, Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2004.
[15] D. Harrison, Electron Spin Resonance, In Leybold Heraeus Instruction Sheet, 1988.
[16] R. Hayati, Identifikasi Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Duwet(Syzygium cumini) Pada Filter Rokok Terhadap Karakter Magnetik Asap Rokok, Natural B, Vol. 3, No.3, April 2016.
[17] Atkins, Kimia Fisika, Erlangga, Jakarta, 1999.
[18] A. Jebet, Surface Bound Radicals, Char Yield And Particulate Size From The Burning Of Tobacco Cigarette, Chemistry Central Journal, 2017, pp. 11:79.
[19] F. Yang and Joseph H. Hamilton, Modern Atomic And Nuclear Physics, Revised edition, World Scientific Publishing, chapter 4, 2010, pp. 120-160.
[20] P. Ermala, On the burning Temperature of Tobacco. American Asosiation for Cancer Research, 1956.
[21] R. Baker, Product Formation Mechanisms Inside A Burning Cigarette, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 7, 1981, pp. 135 153.
[22] A. Kamisoko dkk, Study Of The Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Aerosols By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Coupled To Laser/Desorption And Electrospray Ionization – Additional Insights On The Heteroaromatic Components, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, Vol. 33(S1), 2019, pp. 95-108.
[23] R. Hayati, Analisis Efek Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Duwet Pada Karakter Fisis Asap Rokok, Master Thesis, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 2016.
[24] J.J. Piade dkk, Toxicological Assessment Of Kretek Cigarettes Part 2: Kretek And American-Blended Cigarettes, Smoke Chemistry.And In Vitro Toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 70, 2014, S15-S25.
[25] E. Roemer dkk, Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes Part 1: Background, assessment approach, and summary of findings, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 70, 2014, S2-S14.
[26] Radia Mahboub and Faiza Memmou, Antioxidant activity and kineticsstudies of eugenol and 6-bromoeugenol, Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters, 2014.
[27] S.Y. Prabawati dan A.F. Agustina, Kaunia, Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2015/1436, pp. 11-18.
[28] T.L. Guidotti, Clove Cigarettes The Basis for Concern Regarding Health Effects, The Western Journal Of Medicine, August, 1989.
[2] Alan Rodgman. T, The Chemical Components of Tobacco, CRC Press, USA, 2009.
[3] J.E. Harris, Smoking And Tobacco Control, Monograph No. 7, chapter 5, 1994, available from: https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/7/index.html. [Cited 2020 May 29].
[4] A. Valavanidis, dkk, Tobako Smoke: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Stabel Free Radikals in Mechanisms of Oxidative Damage Carcinogenesis and Synergistic Effects with Other Respirable Particle, Internasional journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2009.
[5] R. Goel, Tobacco Smoke Free Radicals and Related Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 112, Supplement 1, November 2017, pp. 130-131.
[6] R. West, Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychology & Health, Vol. 32, No. 8, 2017, pp. 1018-1036.
[7] J. Hirsch. 2016. More: Zeeman Effect. Available from: https:/ /courses. physics.ucsd .edu/2016/Spring/ physics4e/zeeman. pdf. [cited 2020 June 5].
[8] E. N, Kaufman, Characterization of Materials, 2 volume set. John Willey and Son, USA, 2003.
[9] R.E. Catherine A, Techniques in Free Radical Research, Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 22, 1991, pp. 51-100.
[10] C.T. Sebens, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, Vol. 68, 2019, pp. 40-50.
[11] P.H. Rieger, Electron Spin Resonance Analysis and Interpretation, Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2007.
[12] J.A.Weil and J.R. Bolton, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Elementary and Practical Application, John Willey and Sons, 2007.
[13] R.R. Baker, Smoke generation inside a burning cigarette:Modifying combustion to develop cigarettes that may be less hazardous to health, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 32, 2006, pp. 373-385.
[14] P. Chen, Chemistry of Cigarette Burning Processes, Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2004.
[15] D. Harrison, Electron Spin Resonance, In Leybold Heraeus Instruction Sheet, 1988.
[16] R. Hayati, Identifikasi Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Duwet(Syzygium cumini) Pada Filter Rokok Terhadap Karakter Magnetik Asap Rokok, Natural B, Vol. 3, No.3, April 2016.
[17] Atkins, Kimia Fisika, Erlangga, Jakarta, 1999.
[18] A. Jebet, Surface Bound Radicals, Char Yield And Particulate Size From The Burning Of Tobacco Cigarette, Chemistry Central Journal, 2017, pp. 11:79.
[19] F. Yang and Joseph H. Hamilton, Modern Atomic And Nuclear Physics, Revised edition, World Scientific Publishing, chapter 4, 2010, pp. 120-160.
[20] P. Ermala, On the burning Temperature of Tobacco. American Asosiation for Cancer Research, 1956.
[21] R. Baker, Product Formation Mechanisms Inside A Burning Cigarette, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 7, 1981, pp. 135 153.
[22] A. Kamisoko dkk, Study Of The Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Aerosols By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Coupled To Laser/Desorption And Electrospray Ionization – Additional Insights On The Heteroaromatic Components, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, Vol. 33(S1), 2019, pp. 95-108.
[23] R. Hayati, Analisis Efek Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Duwet Pada Karakter Fisis Asap Rokok, Master Thesis, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 2016.
[24] J.J. Piade dkk, Toxicological Assessment Of Kretek Cigarettes Part 2: Kretek And American-Blended Cigarettes, Smoke Chemistry.And In Vitro Toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 70, 2014, S15-S25.
[25] E. Roemer dkk, Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes Part 1: Background, assessment approach, and summary of findings, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 70, 2014, S2-S14.
[26] Radia Mahboub and Faiza Memmou, Antioxidant activity and kineticsstudies of eugenol and 6-bromoeugenol, Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters, 2014.
[27] S.Y. Prabawati dan A.F. Agustina, Kaunia, Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2015/1436, pp. 11-18.
[28] T.L. Guidotti, Clove Cigarettes The Basis for Concern Regarding Health Effects, The Western Journal Of Medicine, August, 1989.
Published
2020-07-16
How to Cite
ANGGARANI, Ni Kadek Nova; DJOKO H.S., D.J.; JUSWONO, Unggul P..
Identification of Free Radical in Main Stream Cigarette Smoke in Cigarette with Clove mix (Kretek) and Cigarette without Clove mix (White).
BULETIN FISIKA, [S.l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 73-81, july 2020.
ISSN 2580-9733.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinfisika/article/view/61423>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
