Prevalence and gene frequency of colour blindness among students of elementary schools in Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia

Abstrak

Colour blindness is a hereditary disease that linked to X chromosome. There are three types of colour
blindness, those are monochromat (total colour blindness), dichromat (partial colour blindness), and anomaly
trichromat. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and gene frequencies of colour blindness among
students of elementary schools in Badung regency, Bali. Badung is one of regency in Bali which consists of
six districts i.e. Petang, Abiansemal, Mengwi, North Kuta, Kuta, and South Kuta. The study was conducted
in 11 elementary schools in three districts (Petang, Abiansemal, and Nort Kuta) with total number of
students tested were 900 students. The colour blindness was determined using Ishihara plate test, and data
were analyzed with SPSS ver. 22. The gene frequency was calculated using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
method. The prevalence of colour blindness on students of elementary schools at Badung regency is 2%
from 900 respondents. The gene frequencies were 0,0378 among males and 0,0022 among females. The
gender based on difference in the frequency of colour blind was found to be statistically significant (P <
0,0001), with a higher prevalence among males 3,78% as compared to females 0,22%.