Uji kandungan logam berat pada budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii di Nusa Lembogan serta analisis resiko kesehatan manusia
Abstract
Rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dikenal sebagai salah satu agen hayati yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku herbal di bidang kesehatan, bahan baku industri kosmetik dan sebagai sektor pangan fungsional. Keamanan bahan baku herbal yang akan digunakan terutama dalam bidang kesehatan dan pangan haruslah bebas dari segala macam bahan pencemar terutama logam berat (Pb, Cd, dan As). Logam berat telah menjadi ancaman yang sangat serius bagi ekosistem dan kesehatan masyarakat karena mampu mempengaruhi rantai makanan (food chain). Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat dalam rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii di kawasan budidaya rumput laut Nusa Lembongan serta menghitung resiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan terhadap manusia jika mengkonsumsinya. Konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cd dan As yang terkandung dalam rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii di Nusa Lembongan secara berurutan yaitu; 1,2824±0,4626 ppm, 0,0429±0,0250 ppm, dan 0,0006 ± 0,0005 ppm. Nilai estimasi asupan harian (EDI), mingguan (EWI), tingkat bahaya (THQ) dan risiko kanker (TCR) logam arsenik diperoleh dengan mengkaitkan logam berat yang terkandung dalam rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Nilai EDI, EWI dan THQ yang didapatkan tidak menunjukkan tingkat bahaya bagi manusaia jika mengkonsumsinya. Nilai TCR logam arsenik juga menunjukkan tingkat resiko kanker yang ditimbulkan rendah sehingga rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii di kawasan budidaya rumput laut Nusa Lembongan aman jika dimanfaatkan dan tidak ada bahaya kesehatan kronis yang terjadi dengan konsumsi rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii ini.
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References
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Nashrullah MF, Susanto AB, Pratikto I, Yati E. 2021. Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan Budidaya Rumput Laut Kappaphhycus alvarezii (Doty) menggunakan Citra Satelit Di Perairan Pulau Nusa Lembongan, Bali. Journal of Marine Research 10(3): 345–354. DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v10i3.30507
Nurani W, Anwar Y, Batubara I, Arung ET, Fatriasari W. 2024. Kappaphycus alvarezii as a renewable source of kappa-carrageenan and other cosmetic ingredients. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 260: 129458. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129458
Oktariani AF, Sudaryatma PE, Ramona Y, Wirasuta IMG, Darmayasa IBG, Wiradana PA, Okabayashi T. 2023. Heavy metals content in fresh tuna and swordfish caught from Hindian and Pacific Oceans: Health risk assessment of dietary exposure. Veterinary World 858–868. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.858-868
Osae R, Nukpezah D, Darko DA, Koranteng SS, Mensah A. 2023. Accumulation of heavy metals and human health risk assessment of vegetable consumption from a farm within the Korle lagoon catchment. Heliyon 9(5): e16005. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16005
Parus A, Karbowska B. 2020. Marine Algae as Natural Indicator of Environmental Cleanliness. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231(3): 97. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-4434-0
Permatasari AAAP, Wiradana PA, Sari NKY, Widhiantara IG, Rosiana IW, Sandhika IMGS, Sucipto TH, Dewi NSP. 2024. Antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, and bacterial contamination of brown macroalgae simplicia. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 27(10)
Rimmer MA, Larson S, Lapong I, Purnomo AH, Pong-Masak PR, Swanepoel L, Paul NA. 2021. Seaweed Aquaculture in Indonesia Contributes to Social and Economic Aspects of Livelihoods and Community Wellbeing. Sustainability 13(19): 10946. DOI: 10.3390/su131910946
Rosiana IW, Wiradana PA, Permatasari AAAP, Pelupessy YAEG, Dame MVO, Soegianto A, Yulianto B, Widhiantara IG. 2022. Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Three Brown Seaweed (Phaeophyta: Phaeophyceae) Collected from Tourism Area in Sanur Beach, Coast of Denpasar, Bali and Public Health Risk Assessment. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 14(2): 327–339. DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33103
Sandhika IMGS, Wiradana PA, Widhiantara IG, Rosiana IW, Permatasari AAAP, Sari NKY, Hamu EM, Soegianto A, Yulianto B. 2023. Assessment of Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) and Sediment Collected from Sanur Coastal Waters Based on Bioaccumulation Factors and Human Health Risks Related to Microplastic Ingestion Exposure. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 25(2): 163. DOI: 10.22146/jfs.84978
Shafie MH, Kamal ML, Zulkiflee FF, Hasan S, Uyup NH, Abdullah S, Mohamed Hussin NA, Tan YC, Zafarina Z. 2022. Application of Carrageenan extract from red seaweed (Rhodophyta) in cosmetic products: A review. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 99(9): 100613. DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100613
Shaheen N, Ahmed MK, Islam MS, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Tukun AB, Islam S, M.A. Rahim AT. 2016. Health risk assessment of trace elements via dietary intake of ‘non-piscine protein source’ foodstuffs (meat, milk and egg) in Bangladesh. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(8): 7794–7806. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6013-2
Tayeb A, Chellali MR, Hamou A, Debbah S. 2015. Impact of urban and industrial effluents on the coastal marine environment in Oran, Algeria. Marine Pollution Bulletin 98(1–2): 281–288. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.013
Tongprung S, Wibuloutai J, Dechakhamphu A, Samaneein K. 2024. Health risk assessment associated with consumption of heavy metal-contaminated vegetables: A case study in the southern area of Northeast Thailand. Environmental Challenges 14: 100845. DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.100845
USEPA. 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington DC
Wardani G, Farida N, Andayani R, Kuntoro M, Sudjarwo S. 2017. The potency of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extracts as hepatoprotector on lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Pharmacognosy Research 9(3): 282. DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_69_16
Waruwu D, R. Tri Priyono Budi Santoso, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika. 2022. The Management of Seaweed Cultivation as an Educational Tourism Destination in Lembongan Village, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 6(2): 117–128. DOI: 10.36526/santhet.v6i2.2168
Wasilah QA, Mawli RE, Sani MD, Soegianto A, Wiradana PA, Pradisty NA. 2021. Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Edible Wedge Clam (Donax faba) Collected from North and South Coasts of Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. Poll Res 40(2): 593–597
Watiniasih NL, Budiarsa IN, Antara ING, Wiradana PA. 2022. Propolis extract as a green bacterial corrosion inhibitor on three types of metals. Biodiversitas 23(9): 4852–4860. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230954
Wu G, Zhuang D, Chew KW, Ling TC, Khoo KS, Van Quyen D, Feng S, Show PL. 2022. Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption. Molecules 27(19): 6633. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196633
Ain SNU, Abbasi AM, Ajab H, Faridullah, Khan S, Yaqub A. 2023. Assessment of arsenic in Mangifera Indica (Mango) contaminated by artificial ripening agent: Target hazard quotient (THQ), health risk index (HRI) and estimated daily intake (EDI). Food Chemistry Advances 3: 100468. DOI: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100468
Andréfouët S, Dewantama IMI, Ampou EE. 2021. Seaweed farming collapse and fast changing socio-ecosystems exacerbated by tourism and natural hazards in Indonesia: A view from space and from the households of Nusa Lembongan island. Ocean & Coastal Management 207: 105586. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105586
Andriyono S, Bayu AS, Suciyono S. 2022. Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat (Pb, Cd dan As) pada Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii) (Studi Kasus: Perairan Laut Wongsorejo, Banyuwangi). Grouper 13(2): 168–176. DOI: 10.30736/grouper.v13i2.128
Antoine JMR, Fung LAH, Grant CN. 2017. Assessment of the potential health risks associated with the aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead content in selected fruits and vegetables grown in Jamaica. Toxicology Reports 4: 181–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.03.006
Arief M, Setiabudi D, Rahardja BS. 2014. Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentration Difference Value on Cadmium (CD) Against Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) in Pamekasan and Sumenep Seashore - Madura. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 6(2): 201–206. DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v6i2.11309
Arumugam N, Chelliapan S, Kamyab H, Thirugnana S, Othman N, Nasri NS. 2018. Treatment of Wastewater Using Seaweed: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(12): 2851. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122851
Cahill PL, Hurd CL, Lokman M. 2010. Keeping the water clean — Seaweed biofiltration outperforms traditional bacterial biofilms in recirculating aquaculture. Aquaculture 306(1–4): 153–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.032
Chen Q, Pan X-D, Huang B-F, Han J-L. 2018. Distribution of metals and metalloids in dried seaweeds and health risk to population in southeastern China. Scientific Reports 8(1): 3578. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21732-z
Circuncisão A, Catarino M, Cardoso S, Silva A. 2018. Minerals from Macroalgae Origin: Health Benefits and Risks for Consumers. Marine Drugs 16(11): 400. DOI: 10.3390/md16110400
El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed AA, Mohamed HI, Ramadan KMA, Barqawi AA, Mansour AT. 2022. Phytochemical and Potential Properties of Seaweeds and Their Recent Applications: A Review. Marine Drugs 20(6): 342. DOI: 10.3390/md20060342
Fu Z, Xi S. 2020. The effects of heavy metals on human metabolism. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 30(3): 167–176. DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1701594
Hasselström L, Visch W, Gröndahl F, Nylund GM, Pavia H. 2018. The impact of seaweed cultivation on ecosystem services - a case study from the west coast of Sweden. Marine Pollution Bulletin 133: 53–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.005
Hussain N, Shafiq ahmed K, Asmatullah, shafiq Ahmed M, Makhdoom Hussain S, Javid A. 2021. Potential health risks assessment cognate with selected heavy metals contents in some vegetables grown with four different irrigation sources near Lahore, Pakistan. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.043
Hwang EK, Yotsukura N, Pang SJ, Su L, Shan TF. 2019. Seaweed breeding programs and progress in eastern Asian countries. Phycologia 58(5): 484–495. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2019.1639436
Khaled A, Hessein A, Abdel-Halim AM, Morsy FM. 2014. Distribution of heavy metals in seaweeds collected along Marsa-Matrouh beaches, Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 40(4): 363–371. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2014.11.007
Khan N, Sudhakar K, Mamat R. 2024. Macroalgae farming for sustainable future: Navigating opportunities and driving innovation. Heliyon 10(7): e28208. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28208
Leandro A, Pacheco D, Cotas J, Marques JC, Pereira L, Gonçalves AMM. 2020. Seaweed’s Bioactive Candidate Compounds to Food Industry and Global Food Security. Life 10(8): 140. DOI: 10.3390/life10080140
Lentini M, De Lillo A, Paradisone V, Liberti D, Landi S, Esposito S. 2018. Early responses to cadmium exposure in barley plants: effects on biometric and physiological parameters. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 40(10): 178. DOI: 10.1007/s11738-018-2752-2
Liu B, Lv L, An M, Wang T, Li M, Yu Y. 2022. Heavy metals in marine food web from Laizhou Bay, China: Levels, trophic magnification, and health risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment 841: 156818. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156818
Malau R, Azizah R, Susanto A, Santosa GW, Irwani I. 2018. Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Air, Sedimen, Dan Rumput Laut Sargassum sp. Di Perairan Teluk Awur, Jepara. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 21(2): 155. DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v21i2.3010
Mayori DVA, Rahardja BS, Suciyono S, Lutfiyah L. 2020. Kombinasi rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) sebagai biofilter logam berat timbal (Pb). Depik 9(2): 151–155. DOI: 10.13170/depik.9.2.15762
Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran T Bin, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J. 2022. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University - Science 34(3): 101865. DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865
Muñoz O, Zamorano P, Garcia O, Bastías JM. 2017. Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, sodium, and potassium concentrations in common foods and estimated daily intake of the population in Valdivia (Chile) using a total diet study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 109: 1125–1134. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.027
Nashrullah MF, Susanto AB, Pratikto I, Yati E. 2021. Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan Budidaya Rumput Laut Kappaphhycus alvarezii (Doty) menggunakan Citra Satelit Di Perairan Pulau Nusa Lembongan, Bali. Journal of Marine Research 10(3): 345–354. DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v10i3.30507
Nurani W, Anwar Y, Batubara I, Arung ET, Fatriasari W. 2024. Kappaphycus alvarezii as a renewable source of kappa-carrageenan and other cosmetic ingredients. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 260: 129458. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129458
Oktariani AF, Sudaryatma PE, Ramona Y, Wirasuta IMG, Darmayasa IBG, Wiradana PA, Okabayashi T. 2023. Heavy metals content in fresh tuna and swordfish caught from Hindian and Pacific Oceans: Health risk assessment of dietary exposure. Veterinary World 858–868. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.858-868
Osae R, Nukpezah D, Darko DA, Koranteng SS, Mensah A. 2023. Accumulation of heavy metals and human health risk assessment of vegetable consumption from a farm within the Korle lagoon catchment. Heliyon 9(5): e16005. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16005
Parus A, Karbowska B. 2020. Marine Algae as Natural Indicator of Environmental Cleanliness. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231(3): 97. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-4434-0
Permatasari AAAP, Wiradana PA, Sari NKY, Widhiantara IG, Rosiana IW, Sandhika IMGS, Sucipto TH, Dewi NSP. 2024. Antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, and bacterial contamination of brown macroalgae simplicia. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 27(10)
Rimmer MA, Larson S, Lapong I, Purnomo AH, Pong-Masak PR, Swanepoel L, Paul NA. 2021. Seaweed Aquaculture in Indonesia Contributes to Social and Economic Aspects of Livelihoods and Community Wellbeing. Sustainability 13(19): 10946. DOI: 10.3390/su131910946
Rosiana IW, Wiradana PA, Permatasari AAAP, Pelupessy YAEG, Dame MVO, Soegianto A, Yulianto B, Widhiantara IG. 2022. Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Three Brown Seaweed (Phaeophyta: Phaeophyceae) Collected from Tourism Area in Sanur Beach, Coast of Denpasar, Bali and Public Health Risk Assessment. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 14(2): 327–339. DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33103
Sandhika IMGS, Wiradana PA, Widhiantara IG, Rosiana IW, Permatasari AAAP, Sari NKY, Hamu EM, Soegianto A, Yulianto B. 2023. Assessment of Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) and Sediment Collected from Sanur Coastal Waters Based on Bioaccumulation Factors and Human Health Risks Related to Microplastic Ingestion Exposure. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 25(2): 163. DOI: 10.22146/jfs.84978
Shafie MH, Kamal ML, Zulkiflee FF, Hasan S, Uyup NH, Abdullah S, Mohamed Hussin NA, Tan YC, Zafarina Z. 2022. Application of Carrageenan extract from red seaweed (Rhodophyta) in cosmetic products: A review. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 99(9): 100613. DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100613
Shaheen N, Ahmed MK, Islam MS, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Tukun AB, Islam S, M.A. Rahim AT. 2016. Health risk assessment of trace elements via dietary intake of ‘non-piscine protein source’ foodstuffs (meat, milk and egg) in Bangladesh. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(8): 7794–7806. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6013-2
Tayeb A, Chellali MR, Hamou A, Debbah S. 2015. Impact of urban and industrial effluents on the coastal marine environment in Oran, Algeria. Marine Pollution Bulletin 98(1–2): 281–288. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.013
Tongprung S, Wibuloutai J, Dechakhamphu A, Samaneein K. 2024. Health risk assessment associated with consumption of heavy metal-contaminated vegetables: A case study in the southern area of Northeast Thailand. Environmental Challenges 14: 100845. DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.100845
USEPA. 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington DC
Wardani G, Farida N, Andayani R, Kuntoro M, Sudjarwo S. 2017. The potency of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extracts as hepatoprotector on lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Pharmacognosy Research 9(3): 282. DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_69_16
Waruwu D, R. Tri Priyono Budi Santoso, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika. 2022. The Management of Seaweed Cultivation as an Educational Tourism Destination in Lembongan Village, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 6(2): 117–128. DOI: 10.36526/santhet.v6i2.2168
Wasilah QA, Mawli RE, Sani MD, Soegianto A, Wiradana PA, Pradisty NA. 2021. Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Edible Wedge Clam (Donax faba) Collected from North and South Coasts of Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. Poll Res 40(2): 593–597
Watiniasih NL, Budiarsa IN, Antara ING, Wiradana PA. 2022. Propolis extract as a green bacterial corrosion inhibitor on three types of metals. Biodiversitas 23(9): 4852–4860. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230954
Wu G, Zhuang D, Chew KW, Ling TC, Khoo KS, Van Quyen D, Feng S, Show PL. 2022. Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption. Molecules 27(19): 6633. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196633
Published
2025-01-05
How to Cite
SANDHIKA, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana et al.
Uji kandungan logam berat pada budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii di Nusa Lembogan serta analisis resiko kesehatan manusia.
Jurnal Biologi Udayana, [S.l.], v. 28, n. 2, p. 265-276, jan. 2025.
ISSN 2599-2856.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/106959>. Date accessed: 08 jan. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2024.v28.i02.p08.
Section
Articles
