Pengaruh Variasi Teknik Irigasi dan Amandemen Biomassa Jerami terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Ketersediaan Hara Tanah
Abstract
Abstrak
Pertanian berkelanjutan menuntut strategi pengelolaan sumber daya tanah dan air yang efektif, salah satunya melalui penerapan teknik irigasi yang tepat dan amandemen biomassa jerami padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan hara tanah pada variasi teknik irigasi dan amandemen biomassa jerami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Subak Suala, Desa Pitera, Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu variasi teknik irigasi (Ngenyatin, Genangan, dan Alternate Wetting and Drying atau AWD) dan variasi amandemen biomassa jerami (Jerami dibakar/Abu dan Jerami dibenamkan). Data diperoleh dari perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak lima kali, sehingga terdapat total 30 plot percobaan. Parameter diuji di laboratorium, kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dua arah (two-way ANOVA). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kadar nitrogen total, C-organik, amonium, dan nitrat. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kadar nitrogen total tanah berkisar antara 0,247% - 0,412% dan mengalami peningkatan setelah masa tanam pada perlakuan Jerami dibenamkan – Genangan. Kadar C-organik berkisar antara 2,576% - 3,312%, dengan penurunan setelah masa tanam tercatat pada perlakuan jerami dibenamkan – AWD. Konsentrasi amonium berkisar 4,551 - 8,248 ppm dan menurun pada semua perlakuan, dengan penurunan tertinggi setelah masa tanam terjadi pada perlakuan Jerami dibenamkan – Ngenyatin. Sementara itu, konsentrasi nitrat berada dalam rentang 8,267-94,224 ppm dan peningkatan paling besar terjadi pada perlakuan Jerami dibakar/Abu – Ngenyatin. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan yang paling efektif dalam menjaga keseimbangan nitrogen total, C-organik, amonium, dan nitrat yaitu Jerami dibenamkan (bukan pembakaran) dengan teknik irigasi AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying).
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture requires effective strategies for managing soil and water resources, one of which is through the application of appropriate irrigation techniques and rice straw biomass amendments. This study aims to analyze soil nutrient content in variations of irrigation techniques and rice straw biomass amendments. The research was conducted at Subak Suala, Pitera Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors: variations in irrigation techniques (Ngenyatin, Flooding, and Alternate Wetting and Drying or AWD) and variations in rice straw biomass amendments (burned rice straw and incorporated rice straw). Data were obtained from treatments that were replicated five times, resulting in a total of 30 experimental plots. Parameters were tested in the laboratory, and the data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA). The parameters analyzed included total nitrogen content, organic carbon, ammonium, and nitrate. The results of data analysis showed that the total nitrogen content ranged from 0.247% to 0.412%, with an increase observed after the growing period in the incorporated rice straw-flooding treatment. Organic carbon content ranged from 2.576% to 3.312%, with a decrease after the growing period noted in the incorporated rice straw-AWD treatment. Ammonium concentration ranged from 4.551 to 8.248 ppm and decreased across all treatments, with the highest decline after the growing period found in the incorporated rice straw-Ngenyatin treatment. Meanwhile, nitrate concentration ranged from 8.267 to 94.224 ppm, with a significant increase occurring in the burned rice straw-Ngenyatin treatment. Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the most effective treatment in maintaining the balance of total nitrogen, C-organic, ammonium, and nitrate is incorporated rice straw (not burned) with the AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) irrigation technique.
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