Financial Distress dan Managemen Laba pada Industri Jasa Trasportasi di Masa COVID-19
Abstract
This study detects financial distress and the existence of earnings management which is classified into accrual and real earnings management in the transportation service industry. The data analysis technique was carried out using Altman's financial distress analysis, followed by linear regression analysis with quantitative descriptive methods. Purposive sampling method was used and the research sample obtained was eight companies with a total of 48 observational data. The results showed that transportation companies at various levels of financial distress were proven to practice accrual earnings management. However, there are differences in the choice of accrual earnings management strategies at each level of distress. In companies that are in advanced distress level, accrual earnings management is carried out by means of income maximization and followed by the practice of big bath. Meanwhile, in extreme distress, the company decides to do income minimization.
Keywords: Financial Distress; Accrual Earnings Management; Real Earnings Management.
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References
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Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory Of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718812602
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Luo, B. (2020). Short-Term Management Earnings Forecasts and Earnings Management Through Real Activities Manipulation. Asian Review of Accounting, 28(1), 110–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-09-2018-0168
Meiliawati, A., & Isharijadi. (2016). Analisis Perbandingan Model Springate dan Altman Z Score Terhadap Potensi Financial Distress (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Sektor Kosmetik yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia). ASSETS : Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25273/jap.v5i1.1183
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Nagar, N., & Sen, K. (2016). Earnings Management Strategies during Financial Distress. 1–42. http://vslir.iima.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/11718/20282
Panjaitan, D. K., & Muslih, M. (2019). Manajemen Laba: Ukuran Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Kompensasi Bonus. Jurnal Aset (Akuntansi Riset), 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v11i1.15726
Pratiwi, N. W. P. I., & Damayanthi, I. G. A. E. (2020). Praktik Perataan Laba dan Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(11), 2864. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i11.p12
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Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings Management Through Real Activities Manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42(3), 335–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2006.01.002
Schipper, K. (1989). Commentary on Earnings Management. Accounting Horizons (pp. 91–102).
Setiawan, P. E., & Putra, I. M. P. D. (2019). Keputusan Pemilihan Strategi Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Yang Mengalami Financial Distress di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 196. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2019.v14.i02.p05
Silaban, P. (2017). Analisis Kebangkrutan Dengan Menggunakan Model Altman(Z-Score) Studi Kasus Di Perusahaan Telekomunikasi. Jurnal Akuntansi, 18(3), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v18i3.268
Adryanti, A. F. (2019). Pengaruh Pilihan Metode Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Studi Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 2(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/akurasi.v2i1.14
Agustia, Y. P., & Suryani, E. (2018). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Umur Perusahaan, Leverage, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2016). Jurnal Aset (Akuntansi Riset), 10(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.17509/ jaset.v10i1.12571
Altman, E. I. (2005). An Emerging Market Credit Scoring System For Corporate Bonds. Emerging Markets Review, 6(4), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2005.09.007
Asia, E. V, & Ch, I. (2019). Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Prediksi Kebangkrutan (Altman Z-Score) Industri Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2009-2011. Jurnal Visionida, 1(1), 47–59. https://ojs.unida.ac.id/Jvs/article/view/198
Astari, A. A. M. R., & Suryanawa, I. K. (2017). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 20(1), 290–319. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=FAKTOR-FAKTOR+YANG+MEMPENGARUHI+MANAJEMEN+LABA+Anak&btnG=
Baskaran, S., Nedunselian, N., Ng, C. H., Mahadi, N., & Abdul Rasid, S. Z. (2020). Earnings Management: A Strategic Adaptation or Deliberate Manipulation? Journal of Financial Crime, 27(2), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2019-0098
BPS. (2020). Analisis Hasil Survei Dampak COVID-19 Terhadap Pelaku Usaha. In Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/09/15/9efe2fbda7d674c09ffd0978/analisis-hasil-survei-dampak-covid-19-terhadap-pelaku-usaha.html
Damayanti, C. R., & Kawedar, W. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Mekanisme Pemantauan dan Financial Distress Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 7(4), 1–9. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting/article/view/25615
Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1995). Detecting Earnings Management. The Accounting Review, 70(2), 193–225. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1952.tb109167.x
Edi, E., & Tania, M. (2018). Ketepatan Model Altman, Springate, Zmijewski, dan Grover dalam Memprediksi Financial Distress. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v8i1.28
Fachrudin, K. A. (2020). The Relationship between Financial Distress and Financial Health Prediction Model: A Study in Public Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 22(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.22.1.18-27
Febrininta, C. N., & Siregar, S. V. (2014). Manajemen Laba Akrual, Manajemen Laba Riil, dan Biaya Modal. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2014.12.5027
Gunny, K. A. (2010). The Relation Between Earnings Management Using Real Activities Manipulation and Future Performance: Evidence From Meeting Earnings Benchmarks. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(3), 855–888. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01029.x
Hanif, R. A., & Odiatma, F. (2020). Pengaruh Manajemen Laba Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur dan Jasa Keuangan yang Terdaftar di Bei 2014 – 2018 Dengan Perencanaan Pajak Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. The Journal of Taxation: Tax Center, 1(1), 69–101. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jot.v1i1.9410
Healy, P. M., & Wahlen, J. M. (1999). A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Its Implications for Standard Setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365–383. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.1999.13.4.365
Jaggi, B., & Lee, P. (2002). Earnings Management Response to Debt Covenant Violations and Debt Restructuring. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 17(4), 295–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X0201700402
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory Of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718812602
Khairunnisa, J. M., Majidah, & Kurnia. (2020). Pengaruh Financial Distress, Perencanaan Pajak, Ukuran Perusahaan, Komite Audit dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(3), 1114–1131. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss3.pp1114-1131
Khanifah, Yuyetta, E. N. A., & Sa’diyah, E. (2020). Analisis Komparatif Tingkat Manajemen Laba Berbasis Akrual dan Riil pada Perusahaan Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Tergabung dalam Indeks Saham Syari’ah Indonesia (ISSI). Jurnal Bisnis Dan Ekonomi, 27(1), 69–88. https://www.unisbank.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fe3/article/view/7950
Luo, B. (2020). Short-Term Management Earnings Forecasts and Earnings Management Through Real Activities Manipulation. Asian Review of Accounting, 28(1), 110–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-09-2018-0168
Meiliawati, A., & Isharijadi. (2016). Analisis Perbandingan Model Springate dan Altman Z Score Terhadap Potensi Financial Distress (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Sektor Kosmetik yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia). ASSETS : Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25273/jap.v5i1.1183
Muljono, D. R., & Suk, K. S. (2018). Impacts of Financial Distress on Real and Accrual Earnings Management. Jurnal Akuntansi, 22(2), 222. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v22i2.349
Nagar, N., & Sen, K. (2016). Earnings Management Strategies during Financial Distress. 1–42. http://vslir.iima.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/11718/20282
Panjaitan, D. K., & Muslih, M. (2019). Manajemen Laba: Ukuran Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Kompensasi Bonus. Jurnal Aset (Akuntansi Riset), 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v11i1.15726
Pratiwi, N. W. P. I., & Damayanthi, I. G. A. E. (2020). Praktik Perataan Laba dan Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(11), 2864. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i11.p12
Rahmadani, S., & Haryanto. (2018). Manajemen Laba: Peran Keaktifan Komite Audit dan Auditor Eksternal Big Four. Jurnal Akuntansi Aktual, 5(1), 46–62. http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jaa/article/view/2688/1646
Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings Management Through Real Activities Manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42(3), 335–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2006.01.002
Schipper, K. (1989). Commentary on Earnings Management. Accounting Horizons (pp. 91–102).
Setiawan, P. E., & Putra, I. M. P. D. (2019). Keputusan Pemilihan Strategi Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Yang Mengalami Financial Distress di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 196. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2019.v14.i02.p05
Silaban, P. (2017). Analisis Kebangkrutan Dengan Menggunakan Model Altman(Z-Score) Studi Kasus Di Perusahaan Telekomunikasi. Jurnal Akuntansi, 18(3), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v18i3.268
Published
2022-03-26
How to Cite
SALIM, Ellionora Novalianti Wongso Sugiarto; DAVIANTI, Arthik.
Financial Distress dan Managemen Laba pada Industri Jasa Trasportasi di Masa COVID-19.
E-Jurnal Akuntansi, [S.l.], v. 32, n. 3, p. 735-749, mar. 2022.
ISSN 2302-8556.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/akuntansi/article/view/83517>. Date accessed: 14 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2022.v32.i03.p14.
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