Profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Publik, Kebijakan Dividen, dan Praktik Income Smoothing
Abstract
This study attempts to show how profitability, public ownership, and dividend policy affect income smoothing practices. The scope of this study is banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2022 period. The research sample of 62 observations was the result of selection from the purposive sampling technique. Multiple linear regression analysis method were applied to analyze the research data. Based on the results of the analysis, empirical evidence was obtained that income smoothing practices were negatively influenced by profitability and income smoothing practices were positively influenced by public ownership. Meanwhile, dividend policy does not show a significant influence on income smoothing practices.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abbadi, S. S., Abuaddous, M. Y., Bataineh, H. T., & Muttairi, A. E. (2020). The Impact of Earnings Management on Dividend Policy: Evidence From Kuwait. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(5), 518–526. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n5p518
Abogun, S., Adigbole, E. A., & Olorede, T. E. (2021). Income smoothing and firm value in a regulated market: the moderating effect of market risk. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-08-2020-0072
Andira, M. H., & Ratnadi, N. M. D. (2022). Latar Pendidikan Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Komite Audit dan Praktik Manajemen Laba Riil. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 32(1), 3468. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2022.v32.i01.p11
Antari, N. K. M., & Gayatri, G. (2023). Good Corporate Governance dan Profitabilitas pada Praktik Income Smoothing. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(1), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2023.v33.i01.p10
Arum, H. N., Nazar, M. R., & Aminah, W. (2017). Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Nilai Perusahaan Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 9(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v9i2.581
Bala, H., Ahmad, W., Kathoon, G., & Karaye, A. B. (2022). Audit firm attributes and income smoothing: the moderating influence of audit committee accounting expertise. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2127194
Bandyopadhyay, S. P., Huang, A. G., & Wirjanto, T. S. (2011). Does Income Smoothing Really Create Value? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1784017
Bobby, B., Firmansyah, A., Herman, H., & Trisnawati, E. (2022). Kebijakan Utang, Kebijakan Dividen Dan Income Smoothing: Peran Moderasi Ukuran Perusahaan. Jurnal Pajak Dan Keuangan Negara (PKN), 4(1S), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v4i1s.1831
Ch, F. N. (2020). The Effect of Financial Performance to Income Smoothing Practice in Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Accounting Research (AICAR 2019), 127, 46–50. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200309.011
Christian, H., & Suryani, E. (2020). Pengaruh Financial Leverage, Kepemilikan Publik, Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Inome Smoothing (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang Termasuk Dalam Indeks LQ45 Tahun 2014- 2018). E-Proceeding of Management, 7(2), 2856–2863.
CNBC Indonesia. (2018). Drama Bank Bukopin: Kartu Kredit Modifikasi dan Rights Issue. Diakses pada 1 September 2023, dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20180427144303-17- 12810/drama-bank-bukopin-kartu-kredit-modifikasi-dan-rights-issue
Dao, B. T. T., & Ngo, H. A. (2020). Impact of corporate governance on firm performance and earnings management a study on vietnamese non-financial companies. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(5), 480–501. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.105.480.501
Das Mohapatra, D., & Panda, P. (2022). Impact of corporate governance on dividend policy: A systematic literature review of last two decades. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2114308
Dewi, N. M. S. S. D., & Latrini, M. Y. (2016). Pengaruh Cash Holding, Profitabilitas Dan Reputasi Auditor Pada Perataan Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 15(3), 2378–2408.
Eckel, N. (1981). Smoothing Hypothesis Revisited. Abacus, 17(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.1981.tb00099.x
Ernayani, R., Herianingrum, S., Widiastuti, T., Pudjut Harianto, R., & Isradi Zainal, M. (2020). Factors Influencing Income Smoothing Practice in the Oil and Natural Gas Mining Companies During 2012-2016 Period. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8146
Fauzan, M., Islahuddin, I., & Nuraini, N. (2020). Good Corporate Governance and Income Smoothing Practice: Studies on Companies Listed in Kompas100 Index in Indonesia. East African Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(6), 563–571. https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJEBM.2020.v03i06.076
Firnanti, F. (2019). The Influence of Dividend Policy and Income Tax on Income Smoothing. GATR Accounting and Finance Review, 4(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2019.4.1(3)
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Halimi, K. K., & Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D. (2017). Pengaruh Pajak Penghasilan dan Corporate Governance Pada Manajemen Laba Perusahaan Pertambangan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(3), 1774–1802. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2017.v21.i03.p03
Handoyo, S., & Fathurrizki, S. (2018). Management Dysfunctional Behaviour toward Financial Statements: Income Smoothing Practice in Indonesia’s Mining Industry Sector. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 22(3), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i3.2047
Hussain, A., & Akbar, M. (2022). Dividend policy and earnings management: Do agency problem and financing constraints matter? Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(5), 839–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.05.003
Indrawan, V., Agoes, S., Pangaribuan, H., & Popoola, O. M. J. (2018). The Impact of Audit Committee, Firm Size, Profitability, and Leverage on Income Smoothing. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2018.2.1.42
Jam’ah, M., Soemitra, A., & Daulay, A. N. (2024). The Effect Of Profitability And Solvency On Income Smoothing With Good Corporate Governance As A Moderating Variable At Pt Bank Muamalat Indonesia In 2018-2022. Ekombis Review-Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v12i1
Jones, J. J. (1991). Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations. Journal of Accounting Research, 29(2), 193–228. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491047
Karina, S. N. (2020). Pengaruh Risiko Keuangan, Dividen, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Reputasi Auditor Terhadap Perataan Laba. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 18(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.24167/jab.v18i1.2705
Kasim, M. Y., Kadang, J., & Nurdin, D. (2022). The Income Smoothing Hypothesis, Stock Return, and Risk. International Journal of Professional Busniness Review, 7(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i5.e708
Kosasih, H., Toni, N., & Simorangkir, E. N. (2021). Effects of Profitability, Financial Leverage, and Dividend Policy on Income Smoothing Practice with Firm Size as a Moderator among Listed Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(4), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-1204044150
Kothari, S. P., Leone, A. J., & Wasley, C. E. (2005). Performance matched discretionary accrual measures. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 163–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.11.002
Koutoupis, A. G., & Davidopoulos, L. G. (2023). Dividend Policy and Earnings Management: Evidence from the U.S. Aerospace and Defence Industry. Defence and Peace Economics, 34(8), 1130–1142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2022.2079282
Liputan6. (2003). BI dan BEJ Membahas Kasus Bank Lippo. Diakses pada 1 September 2023, dari https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/49134/bi-dan-bej-membahas-kasus-bank-lippo
Liu, N., & Espahbodi, R. (2014). Does dividend policy drive earnings smoothing? Accounting Horizons, 28(3), 501–528. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-50764
Maharani, I. A. D. P. M., & Putra, I. G. B. N. P. (2021). Determinants of Income Smoothing in Mining Issuers Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 118(10), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-10.23
Malik, A., Aziz, H., Saiti, B., & Ud Din, S. (2021). The impact of earnings variability and regulatory measures on income smoothing: Evidence from panel regression. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 10(1), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2021-0009
Marsintauli, F., & Pribadi, A. (2023). The Effect of Earnings Volatility, Income Smoothing, Corporate Governance, and Firm Size on Earnings Quality Conventional Banks in Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 388, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338803027
Martins, O. S., de Sousa, R. A. M., & de Araújo Pontes Girão, L. F. (2022). Dividend persistence and earnings management in emerging markets. Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 33(88), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113040
Maulana, A. A. (2014). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Perataan Laba di Perbankan. Jurnal Ilmu & Riset Akuntansi, 15(2), 137–150.
Musyafa, K. A., & Kholilah, K. (2023). Cash Holding, Financial Leverage, Profitability, Firm Size, Income Smoothing: Moderating Managerial Ownership. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(4), 1085–1100. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2023.v33.i04.p15
Naufal, R. E., Rahayu, M., & Utami, N. E. (2022). Financial Leverage , Corporate Governance dan Kepemilikan Publik terhadap Perataan Laba. Ikhrath Ekonomika, 6(3), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-ekonomika.v6i3
Nguyen, H. A., Lien Le, Q., & Anh Vu, T. K. (2021). Ownership structure and earnings management: Empirical evidence from Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1908006
Nugraha, P., & Dillak, V. J. (2018). Profitabilitas, Leverage Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Perataan Laba. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 10(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v10i1.1061
Nurdiansyah, D. H., Pardistya, I. Y., Mahpudin, E., & Nophiansah, D. (2021). The empirical evidence of the effect of company size, leverage and profitability on income smoothing. Accounting, 7(7), 1813–1818. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.2.016
Obeidat, M. I. S. (2021). Relationship Between Firm Size and Profitability with Income Smoothing: Evidence from Food and Beverages (F&B) Firms in Jordan. Journal of Asian Finance, 8(6), 789–0796. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.0789
Ozili, P. K., & Outa, E. R. (2018). Bank income smoothing in South Africa: role of ownership, IFRS and economic fluctuation. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(5), 1372–1394. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-09-2017-0342
Putra, R. A. S., & Suardana, K. A. (2016). Pengaruh Varian Nilai Saham, Kepemilikan Publik, Dan Debt To Equity Ratio Pada Praktik Perataan Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 15(3), 2188–2215.
Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D., & Wirawati, N. G. P. (2023). Dewan Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, Firm Growth, Leverage dan Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(12), 3371–3384. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2023.v33.i12.p19
Ramadhani, D., Sumiati, A., & Handarini, D. (2021). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Financial Leverage, Kepemilikan Publik, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Perataan Laba. Jurnal Akuntansi, Perpajakan Dan Auditing, 2(3), 579–599. https://doi.org/10.21009/japa.0203.06
Salah, O. Ben, & Jarboui, A. (2022). Does Dividend Policy Affect Earnings Management? Evidence From France. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 18(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2022.01.003
Sany, S., & Yonatan, N. (2023). Liquidity and Profitability of Retail Companies: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Organizational Behavior and Policy, 2(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.9744/ijobp.2.2.77-86
Savitri, E. (2019). Can effective tax rates mediate the effect of profitability and debts on income smoothing? Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(3), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.07
Shahwan, Y., & Almubaydeen, T. H. (2020). Effects of board size, board composition and dividend policy on real earnings management in the Jordanian listed industrial firms. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n4p195
Statovci, B., Berisha, V., & Tahirukaj, J. (2021). Level of usage of income smoothing as a creative accounting tool by balkan banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(3), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(3).2021.06
Stefannandra, A. T. P., Putri, N. K., Ramadhanti, W., & Mustofa, R. M. (2022). the Effect of Firm Size, Profitability and Public Ownership Structure on Income Smoothing After the Implication of Psak 50 and 55. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Soedirman, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32424/1.jras.2022.1.1.6390
Suwaldiman, S., & Lubis, R. N. (2023). The impact of profitability, leverage, managerial ownership, and dividend payout ratio on income smoothing. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 27(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol27.iss1.art7
Suyono, E., Wiratno, A., Purwati, A. S., Suparlinah, I., Mustafa, R. M., & Lestari, P. (2023). Factors Affecting Income Smoothing Practice: Insights From the Indonesian Capital Market. Corporate and Business Strategy Review, 4(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i1art6
Tucker, J. W., & Zarowin, P. (2006). Does Income Smoothing Improve Earnings Informativeness? The Accounting Review, 81(1), 251–270.
Wijaya, H., Mauren, & Cahyadi, H. (2020). Factors Influencing Income Smoothing Practices With Firm Size Moderation. Jurnal Akuntansi, 24(2), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v24i2.695
Abogun, S., Adigbole, E. A., & Olorede, T. E. (2021). Income smoothing and firm value in a regulated market: the moderating effect of market risk. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-08-2020-0072
Andira, M. H., & Ratnadi, N. M. D. (2022). Latar Pendidikan Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Komite Audit dan Praktik Manajemen Laba Riil. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 32(1), 3468. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2022.v32.i01.p11
Antari, N. K. M., & Gayatri, G. (2023). Good Corporate Governance dan Profitabilitas pada Praktik Income Smoothing. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(1), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2023.v33.i01.p10
Arum, H. N., Nazar, M. R., & Aminah, W. (2017). Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Nilai Perusahaan Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 9(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v9i2.581
Bala, H., Ahmad, W., Kathoon, G., & Karaye, A. B. (2022). Audit firm attributes and income smoothing: the moderating influence of audit committee accounting expertise. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2127194
Bandyopadhyay, S. P., Huang, A. G., & Wirjanto, T. S. (2011). Does Income Smoothing Really Create Value? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1784017
Bobby, B., Firmansyah, A., Herman, H., & Trisnawati, E. (2022). Kebijakan Utang, Kebijakan Dividen Dan Income Smoothing: Peran Moderasi Ukuran Perusahaan. Jurnal Pajak Dan Keuangan Negara (PKN), 4(1S), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v4i1s.1831
Ch, F. N. (2020). The Effect of Financial Performance to Income Smoothing Practice in Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Accounting Research (AICAR 2019), 127, 46–50. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200309.011
Christian, H., & Suryani, E. (2020). Pengaruh Financial Leverage, Kepemilikan Publik, Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Inome Smoothing (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang Termasuk Dalam Indeks LQ45 Tahun 2014- 2018). E-Proceeding of Management, 7(2), 2856–2863.
CNBC Indonesia. (2018). Drama Bank Bukopin: Kartu Kredit Modifikasi dan Rights Issue. Diakses pada 1 September 2023, dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20180427144303-17- 12810/drama-bank-bukopin-kartu-kredit-modifikasi-dan-rights-issue
Dao, B. T. T., & Ngo, H. A. (2020). Impact of corporate governance on firm performance and earnings management a study on vietnamese non-financial companies. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(5), 480–501. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.105.480.501
Das Mohapatra, D., & Panda, P. (2022). Impact of corporate governance on dividend policy: A systematic literature review of last two decades. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2114308
Dewi, N. M. S. S. D., & Latrini, M. Y. (2016). Pengaruh Cash Holding, Profitabilitas Dan Reputasi Auditor Pada Perataan Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 15(3), 2378–2408.
Eckel, N. (1981). Smoothing Hypothesis Revisited. Abacus, 17(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.1981.tb00099.x
Ernayani, R., Herianingrum, S., Widiastuti, T., Pudjut Harianto, R., & Isradi Zainal, M. (2020). Factors Influencing Income Smoothing Practice in the Oil and Natural Gas Mining Companies During 2012-2016 Period. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8146
Fauzan, M., Islahuddin, I., & Nuraini, N. (2020). Good Corporate Governance and Income Smoothing Practice: Studies on Companies Listed in Kompas100 Index in Indonesia. East African Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(6), 563–571. https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJEBM.2020.v03i06.076
Firnanti, F. (2019). The Influence of Dividend Policy and Income Tax on Income Smoothing. GATR Accounting and Finance Review, 4(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2019.4.1(3)
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Halimi, K. K., & Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D. (2017). Pengaruh Pajak Penghasilan dan Corporate Governance Pada Manajemen Laba Perusahaan Pertambangan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(3), 1774–1802. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2017.v21.i03.p03
Handoyo, S., & Fathurrizki, S. (2018). Management Dysfunctional Behaviour toward Financial Statements: Income Smoothing Practice in Indonesia’s Mining Industry Sector. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 22(3), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i3.2047
Hussain, A., & Akbar, M. (2022). Dividend policy and earnings management: Do agency problem and financing constraints matter? Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(5), 839–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.05.003
Indrawan, V., Agoes, S., Pangaribuan, H., & Popoola, O. M. J. (2018). The Impact of Audit Committee, Firm Size, Profitability, and Leverage on Income Smoothing. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2018.2.1.42
Jam’ah, M., Soemitra, A., & Daulay, A. N. (2024). The Effect Of Profitability And Solvency On Income Smoothing With Good Corporate Governance As A Moderating Variable At Pt Bank Muamalat Indonesia In 2018-2022. Ekombis Review-Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v12i1
Jones, J. J. (1991). Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations. Journal of Accounting Research, 29(2), 193–228. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491047
Karina, S. N. (2020). Pengaruh Risiko Keuangan, Dividen, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Reputasi Auditor Terhadap Perataan Laba. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 18(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.24167/jab.v18i1.2705
Kasim, M. Y., Kadang, J., & Nurdin, D. (2022). The Income Smoothing Hypothesis, Stock Return, and Risk. International Journal of Professional Busniness Review, 7(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i5.e708
Kosasih, H., Toni, N., & Simorangkir, E. N. (2021). Effects of Profitability, Financial Leverage, and Dividend Policy on Income Smoothing Practice with Firm Size as a Moderator among Listed Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(4), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-1204044150
Kothari, S. P., Leone, A. J., & Wasley, C. E. (2005). Performance matched discretionary accrual measures. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 163–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.11.002
Koutoupis, A. G., & Davidopoulos, L. G. (2023). Dividend Policy and Earnings Management: Evidence from the U.S. Aerospace and Defence Industry. Defence and Peace Economics, 34(8), 1130–1142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2022.2079282
Liputan6. (2003). BI dan BEJ Membahas Kasus Bank Lippo. Diakses pada 1 September 2023, dari https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/49134/bi-dan-bej-membahas-kasus-bank-lippo
Liu, N., & Espahbodi, R. (2014). Does dividend policy drive earnings smoothing? Accounting Horizons, 28(3), 501–528. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-50764
Maharani, I. A. D. P. M., & Putra, I. G. B. N. P. (2021). Determinants of Income Smoothing in Mining Issuers Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 118(10), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-10.23
Malik, A., Aziz, H., Saiti, B., & Ud Din, S. (2021). The impact of earnings variability and regulatory measures on income smoothing: Evidence from panel regression. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 10(1), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2021-0009
Marsintauli, F., & Pribadi, A. (2023). The Effect of Earnings Volatility, Income Smoothing, Corporate Governance, and Firm Size on Earnings Quality Conventional Banks in Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 388, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338803027
Martins, O. S., de Sousa, R. A. M., & de Araújo Pontes Girão, L. F. (2022). Dividend persistence and earnings management in emerging markets. Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 33(88), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113040
Maulana, A. A. (2014). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Perataan Laba di Perbankan. Jurnal Ilmu & Riset Akuntansi, 15(2), 137–150.
Musyafa, K. A., & Kholilah, K. (2023). Cash Holding, Financial Leverage, Profitability, Firm Size, Income Smoothing: Moderating Managerial Ownership. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(4), 1085–1100. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2023.v33.i04.p15
Naufal, R. E., Rahayu, M., & Utami, N. E. (2022). Financial Leverage , Corporate Governance dan Kepemilikan Publik terhadap Perataan Laba. Ikhrath Ekonomika, 6(3), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-ekonomika.v6i3
Nguyen, H. A., Lien Le, Q., & Anh Vu, T. K. (2021). Ownership structure and earnings management: Empirical evidence from Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1908006
Nugraha, P., & Dillak, V. J. (2018). Profitabilitas, Leverage Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Perataan Laba. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 10(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v10i1.1061
Nurdiansyah, D. H., Pardistya, I. Y., Mahpudin, E., & Nophiansah, D. (2021). The empirical evidence of the effect of company size, leverage and profitability on income smoothing. Accounting, 7(7), 1813–1818. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.2.016
Obeidat, M. I. S. (2021). Relationship Between Firm Size and Profitability with Income Smoothing: Evidence from Food and Beverages (F&B) Firms in Jordan. Journal of Asian Finance, 8(6), 789–0796. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.0789
Ozili, P. K., & Outa, E. R. (2018). Bank income smoothing in South Africa: role of ownership, IFRS and economic fluctuation. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(5), 1372–1394. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-09-2017-0342
Putra, R. A. S., & Suardana, K. A. (2016). Pengaruh Varian Nilai Saham, Kepemilikan Publik, Dan Debt To Equity Ratio Pada Praktik Perataan Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 15(3), 2188–2215.
Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D., & Wirawati, N. G. P. (2023). Dewan Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, Firm Growth, Leverage dan Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(12), 3371–3384. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2023.v33.i12.p19
Ramadhani, D., Sumiati, A., & Handarini, D. (2021). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Financial Leverage, Kepemilikan Publik, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Perataan Laba. Jurnal Akuntansi, Perpajakan Dan Auditing, 2(3), 579–599. https://doi.org/10.21009/japa.0203.06
Salah, O. Ben, & Jarboui, A. (2022). Does Dividend Policy Affect Earnings Management? Evidence From France. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 18(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2022.01.003
Sany, S., & Yonatan, N. (2023). Liquidity and Profitability of Retail Companies: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Organizational Behavior and Policy, 2(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.9744/ijobp.2.2.77-86
Savitri, E. (2019). Can effective tax rates mediate the effect of profitability and debts on income smoothing? Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(3), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.07
Shahwan, Y., & Almubaydeen, T. H. (2020). Effects of board size, board composition and dividend policy on real earnings management in the Jordanian listed industrial firms. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n4p195
Statovci, B., Berisha, V., & Tahirukaj, J. (2021). Level of usage of income smoothing as a creative accounting tool by balkan banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(3), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(3).2021.06
Stefannandra, A. T. P., Putri, N. K., Ramadhanti, W., & Mustofa, R. M. (2022). the Effect of Firm Size, Profitability and Public Ownership Structure on Income Smoothing After the Implication of Psak 50 and 55. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Soedirman, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32424/1.jras.2022.1.1.6390
Suwaldiman, S., & Lubis, R. N. (2023). The impact of profitability, leverage, managerial ownership, and dividend payout ratio on income smoothing. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 27(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol27.iss1.art7
Suyono, E., Wiratno, A., Purwati, A. S., Suparlinah, I., Mustafa, R. M., & Lestari, P. (2023). Factors Affecting Income Smoothing Practice: Insights From the Indonesian Capital Market. Corporate and Business Strategy Review, 4(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i1art6
Tucker, J. W., & Zarowin, P. (2006). Does Income Smoothing Improve Earnings Informativeness? The Accounting Review, 81(1), 251–270.
Wijaya, H., Mauren, & Cahyadi, H. (2020). Factors Influencing Income Smoothing Practices With Firm Size Moderation. Jurnal Akuntansi, 24(2), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v24i2.695
Published
2024-09-03
How to Cite
PARAS MASARI TEJA NIRMALA, Ni Putu; LATRINI, Made Yenni.
Profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Publik, Kebijakan Dividen, dan Praktik Income Smoothing.
E-Jurnal Akuntansi, [S.l.], v. 34, n. 7, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2302-8556.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/akuntansi/article/view/115111>. Date accessed: 14 oct. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2024.v34.i07.p08.
Issue
Section
Artikel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
