Manajemen Laba Aktivitas Rill Dalam Bingkaian Teori Akuntansi Positif
Abstract
Positive accounting theory is the basis for describing the reasons managers take opportunistic actions regarding the accounting policies used. Managers' opportunistic behavior towards profit regulation causes the quality of financial reports to decline. This research aims to examine the influence of political connections and bonus compensation on real activity earnings management. Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2022 represent the population of this study. The sampling technique for this research uses the census method. The data analysis technique uses path analysis assisted by SmartPLS 3.0. The research results show that bonus compensation and political connections influence real activity earnings management. This research provides theoretical contributions to strengthen the three hypotheses of positive accounting theory. This research provides a practical contribution for investors as a strategy in determining investment in companies that produce quality financial reporting with minimal risk of conflict of interest. The contribution for the government is to strengthen the tax law revision policy to reduce earnings management practices.
Keywords: Politic; Bonus; Earning Management; Real Activities
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References
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Braam, G, Nandy, M, Weitzel, U, & Suman Lodh. (2015). Accrual-based and Real Earnings Management and Political Connections. International Journal of Accounting, 50(2), 111–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2013.10.009
Chaney, P, Faccio, & Parsley D.C. (2011). The Quality of Accounting Information in Politically Connected Firms. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.966379
Chi, J, Liao J, & Chen X. 2016. Politically Connected CEOs and Earnings Management: evidence from China. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 21(3), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2016.1176644
Cohen, D. A, & Zarowin, P. (2010). Accrual-based and Real Earnings Management Activities Around Seasoned Equity Offerings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.01.002
Dewi, P.P, & Chanco M.D.C. (2018). Kompensasi Bonus, Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 3(1),71-81. https://doi.org/10.38043/jiab.v3i1.2100
Demski, J. (1998). Performance measure manipulation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 15(3), 261-285.
Dwiadnyani, Ni Made., & Mertha, I Made. (2018). Pengaruh Bonus Plan, dan Corporate Governance pada Income Smooting. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 24(2), 1415-1441. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v24.i02.p29
El Mehdi, I.K, & Seboui, S. (2011). Corporate Diversification and Earnings Management. Review of Accounting and Finance, 10(2),176–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/14757701111129634
Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between Politically Connected and Nonconnected Firms_A Cross‐Country Analysis. Financial Management, 39(3), 905-927. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01099.x
Fahmie, A. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Struktur Kepemilikan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan dan Komisaris Independen terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2012-2014). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan, 6(2), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v6i2.139
Feshaki, A.G, Khanmohammadi M.H, & Yazdani S. (2020). Political Connection and Earnings Management Method: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange. International Journal of Finance and Managerial Acounting, 5(17), 1–17.
Ghozali, Imam, & Hengky Latan. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0 Untuk Penelitian Empiris. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Graham, J., Harvey, R., & Rajgopal, S. (2005). The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(1–3), 3–73.
Gunny, K. (2010). The relation between earnings management using real activities manipulation and future performance: Evidence from meeting earnings benchmarks. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(3), 855–888.
Harymawan, I., & Nowland, J. (2016). Political connections and earnings quality: How do connected firms respond to changes in political stability and government effectiveness? International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 24(4), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-05-2016-0056
Hasty, A.D, & Herawaty V. (2017). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Manajemen Laba dengan Kualitas Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing & Informasi, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v17i1.2023
Hao, Q., & Yao, L. (2010). An explanation for earnings management: opportunistic or signaling? Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, 5(3), 82-100.
Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. (2015). Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan. Jakarta: Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia.
Jensen, M.C, & Meckling W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Karina, & Sutandi. (2019). Pengaruh Return on Asset (ROA), Pertumbuhan Penjualan (Sales Growth), dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2014-2017). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Teknologi, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.31253/aktek.v11i1.264.
Kurniawansyah, D. (2016). Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Ukuran Auditor, Spesialisasi Audit dan Audit Capacity Stress Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 1(1), 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31093/jraba.v1i1.4
Kurniawansyah, D. (2018). Apakah Manajemen Laba Termasuk Kecurangan? : Analisis Literatur. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 3(1), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.31093/jraba.v3i1.97
Masud, M.H, Anees F, & Ahmed H. (2017). Impact of Corporate Diversification on Earnings Management. Journal of Indian Business Research, 9(2), 82-106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-06-2015-0070
Nugrahanti, Y.W, & Puspitasari A. (2018). Do Audit Quality, Political Connection, and Institutional Ownership Increase Real Earnings Management? Evidence from Indonesia. Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 8(4), 413-430. https://doi.org/10.1504/AAJFA.2018.095245
Panjaitan, D.K, & Muslih M. (2019). Manajemen Laba: Ukuran Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Kompensasi Bonus (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2017). Jurnal Aset (Akuntansi Riset), 11(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v11i1.15726
Puspitasari, A, & Nugrahanti Y.W. (2016). Pengaruh Hubungan Politik, Ukuran KAP, dan Audit Tenure Terhadap Manajemen Laba Riil. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 18(1), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.18.1.27-43
Ramadhan, A. (2021). Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia pada 2020 Turun Peringkat 102 di Dunia https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/01/28/14120521/indeks-persepsi-korupsi-indonesia-pada-2020-turun-jadi-37-peringkat-102 (Diakses pada 18 Maret 2021)
Rosady, R.S.A, & Abidin K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi Bonus, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Earning Power Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016 – 2018). Jurnal Liability, 1(2), 40-62.
Scott, W.R. (2015). Financial Accounting Theory. Canada: Pearson.
Simajuntak, B, & Anugerah L.A. (2019). Pengaruh Kecakapan Manajerial, Penerapan Corporate Governance, Kompensasi Bonus dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2015-2017). Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti, 5(2),165-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v5i2.5072
Subramanyam, K.R. (1996). The Pricing of Discretionary Accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 22(2), 249-81.
Tia Deviyanti, Ni Wayan., & Sudana, I Putu. (2018). Pengaruh Bonus, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage pada Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi. 23(2), 1415-1441. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v23.i02.p23
Wang, Z, Braam, Reimsbach D, & Wang J. (2020). Political Embeddedness and Firms’ Choices of Earnings Management Strategies in China. Accounting and Finance, 60(5), 4723–4755. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12690
Watts, R.L, & Zimmerman J.L. (1986). Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards, The Accounting Review, 53(1), 112–134. https://www.jstor.org/stable/245729
Windaswari, Kadek Ayu., & Merkusiwati, Ni Ketut Lely Aryani. 2018. Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Capital Intensity, Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Agresivitas Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 23(3), 1980-2008. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v23.i03.p14
Wong, W. Y., & Hooy, C. W. (2018). Do types of political connection affect firm performance differently? Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 51(1)297–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.08.009
Badertscher, B. A. (2011). Overvaluation and choice of alternative earnings management mechanisms. The Accounting Review, 86(5), 1491–1518.
Braam, G, Nandy, M, Weitzel, U, & Suman Lodh. (2015). Accrual-based and Real Earnings Management and Political Connections. International Journal of Accounting, 50(2), 111–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2013.10.009
Chaney, P, Faccio, & Parsley D.C. (2011). The Quality of Accounting Information in Politically Connected Firms. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.966379
Chi, J, Liao J, & Chen X. 2016. Politically Connected CEOs and Earnings Management: evidence from China. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 21(3), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2016.1176644
Cohen, D. A, & Zarowin, P. (2010). Accrual-based and Real Earnings Management Activities Around Seasoned Equity Offerings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.01.002
Dewi, P.P, & Chanco M.D.C. (2018). Kompensasi Bonus, Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 3(1),71-81. https://doi.org/10.38043/jiab.v3i1.2100
Demski, J. (1998). Performance measure manipulation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 15(3), 261-285.
Dwiadnyani, Ni Made., & Mertha, I Made. (2018). Pengaruh Bonus Plan, dan Corporate Governance pada Income Smooting. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 24(2), 1415-1441. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v24.i02.p29
El Mehdi, I.K, & Seboui, S. (2011). Corporate Diversification and Earnings Management. Review of Accounting and Finance, 10(2),176–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/14757701111129634
Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between Politically Connected and Nonconnected Firms_A Cross‐Country Analysis. Financial Management, 39(3), 905-927. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01099.x
Fahmie, A. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Struktur Kepemilikan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan dan Komisaris Independen terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2012-2014). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan, 6(2), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v6i2.139
Feshaki, A.G, Khanmohammadi M.H, & Yazdani S. (2020). Political Connection and Earnings Management Method: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange. International Journal of Finance and Managerial Acounting, 5(17), 1–17.
Ghozali, Imam, & Hengky Latan. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0 Untuk Penelitian Empiris. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Graham, J., Harvey, R., & Rajgopal, S. (2005). The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(1–3), 3–73.
Gunny, K. (2010). The relation between earnings management using real activities manipulation and future performance: Evidence from meeting earnings benchmarks. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(3), 855–888.
Harymawan, I., & Nowland, J. (2016). Political connections and earnings quality: How do connected firms respond to changes in political stability and government effectiveness? International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 24(4), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-05-2016-0056
Hasty, A.D, & Herawaty V. (2017). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Manajemen Laba dengan Kualitas Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing & Informasi, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v17i1.2023
Hao, Q., & Yao, L. (2010). An explanation for earnings management: opportunistic or signaling? Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, 5(3), 82-100.
Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. (2015). Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan. Jakarta: Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia.
Jensen, M.C, & Meckling W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Karina, & Sutandi. (2019). Pengaruh Return on Asset (ROA), Pertumbuhan Penjualan (Sales Growth), dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2014-2017). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Teknologi, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.31253/aktek.v11i1.264.
Kurniawansyah, D. (2016). Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Ukuran Auditor, Spesialisasi Audit dan Audit Capacity Stress Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 1(1), 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31093/jraba.v1i1.4
Kurniawansyah, D. (2018). Apakah Manajemen Laba Termasuk Kecurangan? : Analisis Literatur. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 3(1), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.31093/jraba.v3i1.97
Masud, M.H, Anees F, & Ahmed H. (2017). Impact of Corporate Diversification on Earnings Management. Journal of Indian Business Research, 9(2), 82-106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-06-2015-0070
Nugrahanti, Y.W, & Puspitasari A. (2018). Do Audit Quality, Political Connection, and Institutional Ownership Increase Real Earnings Management? Evidence from Indonesia. Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 8(4), 413-430. https://doi.org/10.1504/AAJFA.2018.095245
Panjaitan, D.K, & Muslih M. (2019). Manajemen Laba: Ukuran Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Kompensasi Bonus (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2017). Jurnal Aset (Akuntansi Riset), 11(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v11i1.15726
Puspitasari, A, & Nugrahanti Y.W. (2016). Pengaruh Hubungan Politik, Ukuran KAP, dan Audit Tenure Terhadap Manajemen Laba Riil. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 18(1), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.18.1.27-43
Ramadhan, A. (2021). Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia pada 2020 Turun Peringkat 102 di Dunia https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/01/28/14120521/indeks-persepsi-korupsi-indonesia-pada-2020-turun-jadi-37-peringkat-102 (Diakses pada 18 Maret 2021)
Rosady, R.S.A, & Abidin K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi Bonus, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Earning Power Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016 – 2018). Jurnal Liability, 1(2), 40-62.
Scott, W.R. (2015). Financial Accounting Theory. Canada: Pearson.
Simajuntak, B, & Anugerah L.A. (2019). Pengaruh Kecakapan Manajerial, Penerapan Corporate Governance, Kompensasi Bonus dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2015-2017). Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti, 5(2),165-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v5i2.5072
Subramanyam, K.R. (1996). The Pricing of Discretionary Accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 22(2), 249-81.
Tia Deviyanti, Ni Wayan., & Sudana, I Putu. (2018). Pengaruh Bonus, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage pada Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi. 23(2), 1415-1441. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v23.i02.p23
Wang, Z, Braam, Reimsbach D, & Wang J. (2020). Political Embeddedness and Firms’ Choices of Earnings Management Strategies in China. Accounting and Finance, 60(5), 4723–4755. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12690
Watts, R.L, & Zimmerman J.L. (1986). Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards, The Accounting Review, 53(1), 112–134. https://www.jstor.org/stable/245729
Windaswari, Kadek Ayu., & Merkusiwati, Ni Ketut Lely Aryani. 2018. Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Capital Intensity, Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Agresivitas Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 23(3), 1980-2008. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v23.i03.p14
Wong, W. Y., & Hooy, C. W. (2018). Do types of political connection affect firm performance differently? Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 51(1)297–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.08.009
Published
2023-10-30
How to Cite
KURNIAWANSYAH, Deddy; MAHENDRAWATI, Dian.
Manajemen Laba Aktivitas Rill Dalam Bingkaian Teori Akuntansi Positif.
E-Jurnal Akuntansi, [S.l.], v. 33, n. 10, p. 2590-2611, oct. 2023.
ISSN 2302-8556.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/akuntansi/article/view/107293>. Date accessed: 09 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2023.v33.i10.p05.
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