The Influence of Push and Pull Factors of Tourism on Decision-Making and Behavior of Domestic Tourists in Batu City, East Java
Abstract
Batu City, known for its diverse tourist attractions and supporting facilities, has become a favored destination for domestic tourists. Visitor motivations vary, influenced by internal (push) and external (pull) factors that affect their decision-making and travel behavior. This study applied a quantitative approach to examine the influence of push and pull motivational factors on tourist decision-making and behavior. A total of 100 domestic tourists were selected through accidental sampling, and data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires with a Likert scale. Analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 3.0. The findings revealed that: (1) Push factors significantly influenced tourist decision-making (p = 0.003); (2) Pull factors also significantly influenced tourist decision-making (p = 0.000); and (3) Tourist decision-making significantly affected tourist behavior (p = 0.000). These results suggest that the Batu City Government should continue enhancing the quality and uniqueness of its attractions, diversifying tourism products, and improving visitor facilities to strengthen its appeal to domestic tourists and support sustainable tourism development.
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References
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Alfisyahr, R., & Deasyana, L. R. (2019). Faktor pendorong dan faktor penarik dari wisatawan domestik di Kabupaten Malang, Indonesia. Media Bina Ilmiah, 14(3), 2217–2224.
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Chen, C. F., & Phou, S. (2020). A closer look at destination image, personal factors, and tourist motivation. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 71–86.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dann, G. M. S. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184–194.
Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. Akron, OH: The University of Akron Press
Fila Hidayana, F., Suryawardani, I. G. A. O., & Wiranatha, A. S. (2019). The influence of tourists’ motivation on intention to revisit at the traditional village of Prai Ijing, Waikabubak, West Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. E-Journal of Tourism, 6(2), 303–321.
Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural equation modeling: Metode alternatif dengan partial least square (PLS). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), Advances in international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277–319). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Jackson, R. (1989). Factors influencing the development of tourism in the Isle of Man. Annals of Tourism Research, 16(3), 432–449.
Jaimun, M. A., Ghozali, I., & Santoso, B. (2020). Motivasi wisatawan milenial dalam berkunjung ke destinasi wisata di Kuta Selatan. Jurnal Pariwisata, 12(1), 45–58.
Kerlinger, F. N. (2004). Asas-asas penelitian behavioral. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Kim, J., & Park, J. (2021). Push and pull factors of international tourists in East Asia: A comparative study. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(3), 245–262.
Koswara, I. H. (2002). Karakteristik wisatawan: Siapa dan bagaimana mereka berwisata. Warta Pariwisata Pusat Penelitian Kepariwisataan (P2PAR) Lembaga Penelitian ITB, 5(3).
Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., & Makens, J. C. (1993). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. New York: Prentice Hall.
Kumar, S., & Valeri, M. (2022). Understanding the relationship among factors influencing rural tourism: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(2), 385–407.
Lupu, C., Padhi, S. S., Pati, R. K., & Stoleriu, O. M. (2021). Tourist choice of heritage sites in Romania: A conjoint choice model of site attributes and variety seeking behavior. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(6), 646–668.
Margono, S. (2005). Metodologi penelitian pendidikan. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Mathieson, A., & Wall, G. (1982). Tourism: Economic, physical, and social impacts. London: Longman.
Melese, K. B., & Belda, T. H. (2021). Determinants of tourism product development in Southeast Ethiopia: Marketing perspectives. Sustainability, 13(23), 13263.
Mukiroh, H. P., & Setiyorini, D. (2012). Pengaruh faktor-faktor penarik kepariwisataan wisatawan asal Malaysia terhadap keputusan berkunjung ke Kota Pekanbaru. Tourism and Hospitality Essentials (THE) Journal, 2(1), 269–282.
Oktoraini, R., Yulianda, F., & Saputra, I. (2022). Motivasi wisatawan domestik dalam mengunjungi Desa Sasak Ende di Lombok Tengah. Jurnal Mandalika, 5(2), 89–102.
Pearce, P. L., & Packer, J. (2019). Tourists' motivations for visiting heritage attractions. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 29–42.
Pendit, N. S. (2006). Ilmu pariwisata: Sebuah pengantar perdana (Edisi terbaru). Jakarta: PT Pradaya Pramita.
Pirouz, D. M. (2006). An overview of partial least squares. ResearchGate.
Pitana, I. G., & Gayatri, P. G. (2005). Sosiologi pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Prabawa, I. N. A. W., Sunarta, I. N., & Suryawardani, I. G. A. O. (2019). Analisis motivasi, tipologi, dan perilaku wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Pura Tirta Empul. Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA), 5(2), 319–330.
Purnami, N. N. A., & Suryawardani, I. G. A. O. (2018). The effect of the quality of services on visitors’ satisfaction and desire to pay a revisit to the Bali Pulina agrotourism. E-Journal of Tourism, 5(2), 62–71.
Rahman, R., Suryawardani, I. G. A. O., & Wiranatha, A. S. (2019). The influence of service quality on intention to revisit through mediation of satisfaction of visitors at Sasak Sade Village, Central Lombok. E-Journal of Tourism, 6(2), 322–341.
Rahman, M. K., Gazi, M. A. I., Bhuiyan, M. A., & Rahaman, M. A. (2021). Motivation and tourists' attitudes towards tourism in Indonesia. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(5), 731–747.
Rakhmat, J. (1998). Metode penelitian komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Richardson, S. L., & Fluker, M. (2004). Understanding and managing tourism. Frenchs Forest: Pearson Education Australia.
Rosiana, E. N., Saepudin, D., & Priyanto, W. A. (2017). Pengaruh faktor-faktor psikologis terhadap pengambilan keputusan wisatawan dalam mengunjungi Taman Bunga Nusantara Kabupaten Cianjur. BARISTA, 4(1), 93–104.
Ryan, C. (1991). Recreational tourism: A social science perspective. London: Routledge.
Santoso, B., Widodo, P., & Rahmawati, N. (2022). The role of accessibility in tourist decision-making: A case study in Batu City, East Java. Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure, 11(2), 123–135.
Sarwono, J., & Narimawati, U. (2015). Membuat skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi dengan partial least square SEM (PLS-SEM). Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
Shaw, G., & Williams, A. M. (1992). Critical issues in tourism: A geographical perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Sun, X., Chi, C. G., & Xu, H. (2019). Cultural tourism motivations and destination selection. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 100367.
Suryawardani, I. G. A. O., & Wiranatha, A. S. (2018). Evaluation of marketing strategy of Sanur Village Festival based on visitors' behaviour. E-Journal of Tourism, 5(2), 62–71.
Suwena, I. K., & Widyatmaja, I. G. N. (2010). Pengetahuan ilmu pariwisata. Bali: Udayana University Press.
Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. (2020). Quality-of-life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 76, 103874.
Wicaksono, A., & Purnomo, E. P. (2021). The influence of social media on tourism destination choices among domestic tourists in Batu City. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Studies, 8(3), 45–57.
Wong, I. A., McKercher, B., & Li, X. (2020). The effects of destination attributes on tourist decision-making. Tourism Economics, 26(7), 1231–1250.
Yoeti, O. A. (1983). Pengantar ilmu pariwisata. Bandung: Angkasa.
Zhang, H., Lee, S. H., & Song, H. (2022). Post-pandemic tourism behavior: Examining safety perception and decision-making. Tourism Review, 77(2), 345–361.
Published
2025-03-30
How to Cite
RAHMAN, A. Faidlal; MUFARROHAH, Mufarrohah.
The Influence of Push and Pull Factors of Tourism on Decision-Making and Behavior of Domestic Tourists in Batu City, East Java.
E-Journal of Tourism, [S.l.], p. 1-22, mar. 2025.
ISSN 2407-392X.
Available at: <http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot/article/view/124670>. Date accessed: 09 sep. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24922/eot.v12i1.124670.
Section
Articles
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