Cross-Linguistic Influence in Indonesian-Dutch Bilingual Children: a Predictive Model
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https://doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2025.v19.i02.p13
Abstrak
Bilingualism is a common is common in many countries, retrieved by the existence of two languages within individuals. One notable challenge faced by bilinguals is the difficulty in expressing thought across languages since there will be an influence from one language to another; this phenomenon can be called a cross-linguistic influence (CLI). CLI arises from competition between languages, leading to interference that can manifest in various linguistic domains. Although CLI has been widely discussed in previous research, factors contributing to CLI are still debatable, especially within the field of bilingualism. The present study aims to predict the cross-linguistic interference between two different languages, Indonesian and Dutch. We examined this interference based on three hypotheses: Autonomous Development, Interface Hypothesis, and Competition Model. We use the descriptive qualitative method, we analyze the data extracted from bilinguals to test the validity of these hypotheses in predicting patterns of CLI between two varied language combinations. The result shows that the prediction regarding CLI is significantly determined by the typological distinction between Indonesian and Dutch. The study concludes that various predictions of cross-linguistic interference are related to the typological distinction between Indonesian and Dutch, as it is interpreted from those three frameworks. Finally, this study suggests that further research must evaluate and validate the prediction to gain a more in-depth understanding of theoretical and practical implications.
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Referensi
Adnyani, N. L. P. S., Beratha, N. L. S., Pastika, I. W., & Suparwa, I. N. (2018a). The Development of Verbal Morphology and Word Order in an Indonesian-German Bilingual Child: A Case Study. Topics in Linguistics, 19(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.2478/topling-2018-0003
Adnyani, N. L. P. S., Beratha, N. L. S., Pastika, I. W., & Suparwa, I. N. (2018b). The development of verbal morphology and word order in an Indonesian-German bilingual child: A case study. Topics in Linguistics, 19(1), 33–53.
Almatsier, A. M. (1988). How to Master the Indonesian Language. Djambatan.
Altuğ, S. A., & Önal, A. (2022). Cross Linguistic Influence: The Case of Adjective and Preposition Collocations. Journal of Language Education and Research, 8(1), 47–69.
Álvarez, E. (2003). Character Introduction in Two Languages: Its Development in the Stories of a Spanish-English Bilingual Child Age 6;11–10;11. Bilingualism Language and Cognition, 6(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728903001159
Argyri, E., & Sorace, A. (2007). Crosslinguistic influence and language dominance in older bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 79–99.
Baroroh, K., & Mulyadi, M. (2020). Possessive Expressions in Javanese. International Journal of Culture and Art Studies, 4(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v4i1.3848
Bates, E., & MacWhinney, B. (1989). Functionalism and the competition model. The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing, 3, 73–112.
Blom, E. (2010). Effects of Input on the Early Grammatical Development of Bilingual Children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 14(4), 422–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006910370917
Cenoz, J. (2003). The additive effect of bilingualism on third language acquisition: A review. International Journal of Bilingualism, 7(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069030070010501
Craats, I. v. d., & Hout, R. v. (2010). Dummy Auxiliaries in the Second Language Acquisition of Moroccan Learners of Dutch: Form and Function. Second Language Research, 26(4), 473–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658310373328
Dalrymple, M., & Mofu, S. (2012). Plural Semantics, Reduplication, and Numeral Modification in Indonesian. Journal of Semantics, 29(2), 229–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffr015
De Houwer, A. (1990). The acquisition of two languages from birth: A case study. Cambridge University Press.
Dewi, Z. L., Halim, M. S., & Derksen, J. (2015). The EQ-i Profile of the Indonesians Compared to the Dutch: A Cross-Cultural Approach. Psychology, 06(13), 1700–1710. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.613166
Döpke, S. (1998). Competing language structures: The acquisition of verb placement by bilingual German-English children. Journal of Child Language, 25(3), 555–584.
Foursha-Stevenson, C., Nicoladis, E., Trombley, R., Hablado, K., Phung, D., & Dallaire, K. (2024). Pronoun comprehension and cross-linguistic influence in monolingual and bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 28(3), 479–493.
Ge, H., Lee, A., Yuen, H. K., Liu, F., & Yip, V. (2023). Bilingual Exposure Might Enhance L1 Development in Cantonese–English Bilingual Autistic Children: Evidence From the Production of Focus. Autism, 28(7), 1795–1808. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231207449
Ge, H., Matthews, S., Cheung, L. Y., & Yip, V. (2017). Bidirectional cross-linguistic influence in Cantonese–English bilingual children: The case of right-dislocation. First Language, 37(3), 231–251.
Genesee, F., Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J. (1995). Language differentiation in early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 22(3), 611–631.
Genske, K. (2014). Early Child Bilingualism Cross-Linguistic Influence in the Simultaneous Acquisition of German and English.
Guijarro-Fuentes, P., & Schmitz, K. (2015). The nature and nurture of heritage language acquisition. Lingua, 164, 239–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2015.05.008
Hacohen, A., & Schaeffer, J. (2007). Subject realization in early Hebrew/English bilingual acquisition: The role of crosslinguistic influence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(3), 333–344. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1366728907003100
Herve, C., Serratrice, L., & Corley, M. (2016). Dislocations in French–English bilingual children: An elicitation study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(5), 987–1000.
Hohenstein, J., Eisenberg, A., & Naigles, L. (2006). Is he floating across or crossing afloat? Cross-influence of L1 and L2 in Spanish–English bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(3), 249–261.
Hulk, A., & Müller, N. (2000). Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3(3), 227–244.
Jiang, X., & Chen, L. (2019). Preferred argument structure in the narratives of Chinese-English bilinguals and their monolingual peers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 23(5), 873–887.
Julien, M., Hout, R. v., & Craats, I. v. d. (2015). Meaning and Function of Dummy Auxiliaries in Adult Acquisition of Dutch as an Additional Language. Second Language Research, 32(1), 49–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658315595677
Kai, M. (2016). The Development of Japanese Modality and the Influence of Bilingual Acquisition. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 4(6), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2016.040604
Kang, S.-G. (2013). The role of language dominance in cross-linguistic syntactic influence: A Korean child’s use of null subjects in attriting English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 219–230.
Koster, J. (1975). Dutch as an SOV language. Linguistic Analysis, 1(2), 111–136.
Kupisch, T. (2007). Determiners in bilingual German–Italian children: What they tell us about the relation between language influence and language dominance. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 57–78.
Lemmens, M., & Perrez, J. (2018). French Onions and Dutch Trains: Typological Perspectives on Learners’ Descriptions of Spatial Scenes. 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110572186-005
Loewen, G. (2011). The syntactic structure of noun phrases in Indonesian. University of Manitoba .
MacWhinney, B. (1989). Competition and lexical categorization. Linguistic Categorization, 61, 195–241.
MacWhinney, B. (1997). Implicit and explicit processes: Commentary. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(2), 277–281.
Meir, N., & Janssen, B. (2021). Child heritage language development: An interplay between cross-linguistic influence and language-external factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 651730.
Montrul, S. (2002). Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5(1), 39–68. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1366728902000135
Morales, J., Calvo, A., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Working Memory Development in Monolingual and Bilingual Children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 114(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.09.002
Müller, N. (1998). Transfer in bilingual first language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(3), 151–171.
Nicoladis, E. (2006). Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective–noun strings by preschool bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(1), 15–32.
Nicoladis, E. (2012). Cross-linguistic influence in French–English bilingual children’s possessive constructions. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(2), 320–328.
Paradis, J. (2010). The interface between bilingual development and specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31(2), 227–252. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0142716409990373
Paradis, J., & Genesee, F. (1996). Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children: Autonomous or interdependent? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(1), 1–25.
Puspani, I. A. M., & Indrawati, N. L. K. M. (2021). Challenges in translating Indonesian reduplication into English. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(4), 1973–1983. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.228248230349268
Ritonga, D. H., Sofyani, S., & Irsa, L. (2018). Relationship Between Bilingual Environment and Indonesian Language Development in Children. https://doi.org/10.2991/isphe-18.2018.65
Roelandt, K. (2014). (The) Most in Flemish Dutch: Definiteness and Specificity. In Pristine Perspectives on Logic, Language, and Computation. ESSLLI 2012 and ESSLLI 2013 Student Sessions. Selected Papers, 214–232.
Salamun, T. (2019). PERBANDINGAN POLA KONSTRUKSI POSESIF DIALEK AMBON DENGAN BAHASA INDONESIA BAKU [Comparison of Construction Possessive Pattern of Ambon Dialect With Indonesian Standard]. Totobuang, 7(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v7i1.123
Sánchez, M. T., & Brisk, M. E. (2004). Teacher’s assessment practices and understandings in a bilingual program. NABE Journal of Research and Practice, 2(1), 193–208.
Schiller, N. O., & Caramazza, A. (2003). Grammatical feature selection in noun phrase production: Evidence from German and Dutch. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(1), 169–194.
Schott, E., Kremin, L. V, & Byers‐Heinlein, K. (2021). The Youngest Bilingual Canadians: Insights From the 2016 Census Regarding Children Aged 0-9. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6q9jg
Serratrice, L. (2013). Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual development: Determinants and mechanisms. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3(1), 3–25.
Serratrice, L., Sorace, A., Filiaci, F., & Baldo, M. (2012). Pronominal objects in English–Italian and Spanish–Italian bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 33(4), 725–751.
Serratrice, L., Sorace, A., & Paoli, S. (2004). Crosslinguistic influence at the syntax–pragmatics interface: Subjects and objects in English–Italian bilingual and monolingual acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(3), 183–205.
Sorace, A., & Serratrice, L. (2009). Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: Beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 195–210.
Soriente, A. (2007). Cross-linguistic and cognitive structures in the acquisition of wh-questions in an Indonesian-Italian bilingual child. In Cognitive aspects of bilingualism (pp. 325–362). Springer.
Soriente, A. (2013). Language Development of Bilingual Children the Acquisition of Tense and Aspect in an Italian-Indonesian Child: A Case Study. Wacana Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 15(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.17510/wjhi.v15i1.108
Soriente, A. (2014). Studying linguistic and cultural contact in Borneo: prospects and challenges. Antropologia, 1(1 NS), 59–81.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (2005). The evolving sociopolitical context of immersion education in Canada: some implications for program development 1. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(2), 169–186.
Tare, M., & Gelman, S. A. (2011). Bilingual Parents’ Modeling of Pragmatic Language Use in Multiparty Interactions. Applied Psycholinguistics, 32(4), 761–780. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000051
Thomas, W., & Collier, V. (2002). A national study of school effectiveness for language minority students’ long-term academic achievement.
Treffers-Daller, J., & Silva-Corvalán, C. (2016). Language Dominance in Bilinguals: Issues of Measurement and Operationalization. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=070wCwAAQBAJ
Tribushinina, E., Irmawati, M., & Mak, P. (2021). Macrostructure in the Narratives of Indonesian-Dutch Bilinguals. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 12(4), 540–570. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.20015.tri
Tribushinina, E., Mak, W. M., Andreiushina, E., Dubinkina, E., & Sanders, T. (2017). Connective use in the narratives of bilingual children and monolingual children with SLI. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(1), 98–113.
Unsworth, S. (2013). Assessing the role of current and cumulative exposure in simultaneous bilingual acquisition: The case of Dutch gender. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 86–110.
Van Dijk, C., & Unsworth, S. (2023). On the relation between cross-linguistic influence, between-language priming and language proficiency: priming of ungrammatical adjective placement in bilingual Spanish-Dutch and French-Dutch children. Open Mind, 7, 732–756.
Vásquez Carranza, L. M. (2007). Autonomy in simultaneus bilingualism: evidence from an English-Spanish bilingual child. Káñina, 31(2). https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/kanina/article/view/4581
Wei, L. (2007). The Bilingualism Reader (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Wrembel, M. (2015). In search of a new perspective: Cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of third language phonology.
Yip, V., & Matthews, S. (2000). Syntactic transfer in a Cantonese–English bilingual child. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3(3), 193–208.
Yip, V., & Matthews, S. (2006). Assessing language dominance in bilingual acquisition: A case for mean length utterance differentials. Language Assessment Quarterly: An International Journal, 3(2), 97–116.
Adnyani, N. L. P. S., Beratha, N. L. S., Pastika, I. W., & Suparwa, I. N. (2018b). The development of verbal morphology and word order in an Indonesian-German bilingual child: A case study. Topics in Linguistics, 19(1), 33–53.
Almatsier, A. M. (1988). How to Master the Indonesian Language. Djambatan.
Altuğ, S. A., & Önal, A. (2022). Cross Linguistic Influence: The Case of Adjective and Preposition Collocations. Journal of Language Education and Research, 8(1), 47–69.
Álvarez, E. (2003). Character Introduction in Two Languages: Its Development in the Stories of a Spanish-English Bilingual Child Age 6;11–10;11. Bilingualism Language and Cognition, 6(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728903001159
Argyri, E., & Sorace, A. (2007). Crosslinguistic influence and language dominance in older bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 79–99.
Baroroh, K., & Mulyadi, M. (2020). Possessive Expressions in Javanese. International Journal of Culture and Art Studies, 4(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v4i1.3848
Bates, E., & MacWhinney, B. (1989). Functionalism and the competition model. The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing, 3, 73–112.
Blom, E. (2010). Effects of Input on the Early Grammatical Development of Bilingual Children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 14(4), 422–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006910370917
Cenoz, J. (2003). The additive effect of bilingualism on third language acquisition: A review. International Journal of Bilingualism, 7(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069030070010501
Craats, I. v. d., & Hout, R. v. (2010). Dummy Auxiliaries in the Second Language Acquisition of Moroccan Learners of Dutch: Form and Function. Second Language Research, 26(4), 473–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658310373328
Dalrymple, M., & Mofu, S. (2012). Plural Semantics, Reduplication, and Numeral Modification in Indonesian. Journal of Semantics, 29(2), 229–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffr015
De Houwer, A. (1990). The acquisition of two languages from birth: A case study. Cambridge University Press.
Dewi, Z. L., Halim, M. S., & Derksen, J. (2015). The EQ-i Profile of the Indonesians Compared to the Dutch: A Cross-Cultural Approach. Psychology, 06(13), 1700–1710. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.613166
Döpke, S. (1998). Competing language structures: The acquisition of verb placement by bilingual German-English children. Journal of Child Language, 25(3), 555–584.
Foursha-Stevenson, C., Nicoladis, E., Trombley, R., Hablado, K., Phung, D., & Dallaire, K. (2024). Pronoun comprehension and cross-linguistic influence in monolingual and bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 28(3), 479–493.
Ge, H., Lee, A., Yuen, H. K., Liu, F., & Yip, V. (2023). Bilingual Exposure Might Enhance L1 Development in Cantonese–English Bilingual Autistic Children: Evidence From the Production of Focus. Autism, 28(7), 1795–1808. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231207449
Ge, H., Matthews, S., Cheung, L. Y., & Yip, V. (2017). Bidirectional cross-linguistic influence in Cantonese–English bilingual children: The case of right-dislocation. First Language, 37(3), 231–251.
Genesee, F., Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J. (1995). Language differentiation in early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 22(3), 611–631.
Genske, K. (2014). Early Child Bilingualism Cross-Linguistic Influence in the Simultaneous Acquisition of German and English.
Guijarro-Fuentes, P., & Schmitz, K. (2015). The nature and nurture of heritage language acquisition. Lingua, 164, 239–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2015.05.008
Hacohen, A., & Schaeffer, J. (2007). Subject realization in early Hebrew/English bilingual acquisition: The role of crosslinguistic influence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(3), 333–344. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1366728907003100
Herve, C., Serratrice, L., & Corley, M. (2016). Dislocations in French–English bilingual children: An elicitation study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(5), 987–1000.
Hohenstein, J., Eisenberg, A., & Naigles, L. (2006). Is he floating across or crossing afloat? Cross-influence of L1 and L2 in Spanish–English bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(3), 249–261.
Hulk, A., & Müller, N. (2000). Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3(3), 227–244.
Jiang, X., & Chen, L. (2019). Preferred argument structure in the narratives of Chinese-English bilinguals and their monolingual peers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 23(5), 873–887.
Julien, M., Hout, R. v., & Craats, I. v. d. (2015). Meaning and Function of Dummy Auxiliaries in Adult Acquisition of Dutch as an Additional Language. Second Language Research, 32(1), 49–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658315595677
Kai, M. (2016). The Development of Japanese Modality and the Influence of Bilingual Acquisition. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 4(6), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2016.040604
Kang, S.-G. (2013). The role of language dominance in cross-linguistic syntactic influence: A Korean child’s use of null subjects in attriting English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 219–230.
Koster, J. (1975). Dutch as an SOV language. Linguistic Analysis, 1(2), 111–136.
Kupisch, T. (2007). Determiners in bilingual German–Italian children: What they tell us about the relation between language influence and language dominance. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 57–78.
Lemmens, M., & Perrez, J. (2018). French Onions and Dutch Trains: Typological Perspectives on Learners’ Descriptions of Spatial Scenes. 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110572186-005
Loewen, G. (2011). The syntactic structure of noun phrases in Indonesian. University of Manitoba .
MacWhinney, B. (1989). Competition and lexical categorization. Linguistic Categorization, 61, 195–241.
MacWhinney, B. (1997). Implicit and explicit processes: Commentary. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(2), 277–281.
Meir, N., & Janssen, B. (2021). Child heritage language development: An interplay between cross-linguistic influence and language-external factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 651730.
Montrul, S. (2002). Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5(1), 39–68. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1366728902000135
Morales, J., Calvo, A., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Working Memory Development in Monolingual and Bilingual Children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 114(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.09.002
Müller, N. (1998). Transfer in bilingual first language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(3), 151–171.
Nicoladis, E. (2006). Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective–noun strings by preschool bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(1), 15–32.
Nicoladis, E. (2012). Cross-linguistic influence in French–English bilingual children’s possessive constructions. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(2), 320–328.
Paradis, J. (2010). The interface between bilingual development and specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31(2), 227–252. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0142716409990373
Paradis, J., & Genesee, F. (1996). Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children: Autonomous or interdependent? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(1), 1–25.
Puspani, I. A. M., & Indrawati, N. L. K. M. (2021). Challenges in translating Indonesian reduplication into English. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(4), 1973–1983. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.228248230349268
Ritonga, D. H., Sofyani, S., & Irsa, L. (2018). Relationship Between Bilingual Environment and Indonesian Language Development in Children. https://doi.org/10.2991/isphe-18.2018.65
Roelandt, K. (2014). (The) Most in Flemish Dutch: Definiteness and Specificity. In Pristine Perspectives on Logic, Language, and Computation. ESSLLI 2012 and ESSLLI 2013 Student Sessions. Selected Papers, 214–232.
Salamun, T. (2019). PERBANDINGAN POLA KONSTRUKSI POSESIF DIALEK AMBON DENGAN BAHASA INDONESIA BAKU [Comparison of Construction Possessive Pattern of Ambon Dialect With Indonesian Standard]. Totobuang, 7(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v7i1.123
Sánchez, M. T., & Brisk, M. E. (2004). Teacher’s assessment practices and understandings in a bilingual program. NABE Journal of Research and Practice, 2(1), 193–208.
Schiller, N. O., & Caramazza, A. (2003). Grammatical feature selection in noun phrase production: Evidence from German and Dutch. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(1), 169–194.
Schott, E., Kremin, L. V, & Byers‐Heinlein, K. (2021). The Youngest Bilingual Canadians: Insights From the 2016 Census Regarding Children Aged 0-9. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6q9jg
Serratrice, L. (2013). Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual development: Determinants and mechanisms. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3(1), 3–25.
Serratrice, L., Sorace, A., Filiaci, F., & Baldo, M. (2012). Pronominal objects in English–Italian and Spanish–Italian bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 33(4), 725–751.
Serratrice, L., Sorace, A., & Paoli, S. (2004). Crosslinguistic influence at the syntax–pragmatics interface: Subjects and objects in English–Italian bilingual and monolingual acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(3), 183–205.
Sorace, A., & Serratrice, L. (2009). Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: Beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 195–210.
Soriente, A. (2007). Cross-linguistic and cognitive structures in the acquisition of wh-questions in an Indonesian-Italian bilingual child. In Cognitive aspects of bilingualism (pp. 325–362). Springer.
Soriente, A. (2013). Language Development of Bilingual Children the Acquisition of Tense and Aspect in an Italian-Indonesian Child: A Case Study. Wacana Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 15(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.17510/wjhi.v15i1.108
Soriente, A. (2014). Studying linguistic and cultural contact in Borneo: prospects and challenges. Antropologia, 1(1 NS), 59–81.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (2005). The evolving sociopolitical context of immersion education in Canada: some implications for program development 1. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(2), 169–186.
Tare, M., & Gelman, S. A. (2011). Bilingual Parents’ Modeling of Pragmatic Language Use in Multiparty Interactions. Applied Psycholinguistics, 32(4), 761–780. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000051
Thomas, W., & Collier, V. (2002). A national study of school effectiveness for language minority students’ long-term academic achievement.
Treffers-Daller, J., & Silva-Corvalán, C. (2016). Language Dominance in Bilinguals: Issues of Measurement and Operationalization. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=070wCwAAQBAJ
Tribushinina, E., Irmawati, M., & Mak, P. (2021). Macrostructure in the Narratives of Indonesian-Dutch Bilinguals. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 12(4), 540–570. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.20015.tri
Tribushinina, E., Mak, W. M., Andreiushina, E., Dubinkina, E., & Sanders, T. (2017). Connective use in the narratives of bilingual children and monolingual children with SLI. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(1), 98–113.
Unsworth, S. (2013). Assessing the role of current and cumulative exposure in simultaneous bilingual acquisition: The case of Dutch gender. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 86–110.
Van Dijk, C., & Unsworth, S. (2023). On the relation between cross-linguistic influence, between-language priming and language proficiency: priming of ungrammatical adjective placement in bilingual Spanish-Dutch and French-Dutch children. Open Mind, 7, 732–756.
Vásquez Carranza, L. M. (2007). Autonomy in simultaneus bilingualism: evidence from an English-Spanish bilingual child. Káñina, 31(2). https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/kanina/article/view/4581
Wei, L. (2007). The Bilingualism Reader (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Wrembel, M. (2015). In search of a new perspective: Cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of third language phonology.
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2025-07-31
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IRMAWATI, Mila; PARAMARTA, Bagus Pragnya.
Cross-Linguistic Influence in Indonesian-Dutch Bilingual Children: a Predictive Model.
e-Journal of Linguistics, [S.l.], v. 19, n. 2, p. 156--174, july 2025.
ISSN 2442-7586.
Tersedia pada: <http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eol/article/view/130420>. Tanggal Akses: 09 aug. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2025.v19.i02.p13.
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